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Latest Articles

  • Alteration of the Premature tRNA Landscape by Gammaherpesvirus Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Alteration of the Premature tRNA Landscape by Gammaherpesvirus Infection

    Viral infection can dramatically change the gene expression landscape of the host cell, yet little is known regarding changes in noncoding gene transcription by RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII). Among these are transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are fundamental in protein translation, yet whose gene regulatory features remain largely undefined in mammalian cells.

    Jessica M. Tucker, Aaron M. Schaller, Ian Willis, Britt A. Glaunsinger
    15 Dec 2020
  • Nitric Oxide Circumvents Virus-Mediated Metabolic Regulation during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Nitric Oxide Circumvents Virus-Mediated Metabolic Regulation during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

    Human cytomegalovirus is a prevalent pathogen that can cause serious disease in patients with compromised immune systems, including transplant patients and during congenital infection. HCMV lytic replication likely occurs in localized sites of infection with immune cells infiltrating and releasing nitric oxide with other effector molecules.

    Rebekah L. Mokry, Megan L. Schumacher, Neil Hogg, Scott S. Terhune
    15 Dec 2020
  • Restoring Balance to the Outer Membrane: YejM’s Role in LPS Regulation
    Perspective | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Restoring Balance to the Outer Membrane: YejM’s Role in LPS Regulation

    Gram-negative bacteria produce an asymmetric outer membrane (OM) that is particularly impermeant to many antibiotics and characterized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exclusively at the cell surface. LPS biogenesis remains an ideal target for therapeutic intervention, as disruption could kill bacteria or increase sensitivity to existing antibiotics.

    Brent W. Simpson, Martin V. Douglass, M. Stephen Trent
    15 Dec 2020
  • Neonatal Mouse Gut Metabolites Influence <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptosporidium parvum</span> Infection in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Neonatal Mouse Gut Metabolites Influence Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

    Cryptosporidium sp. occupies a unique intracellular niche that exposes the parasite to both host cell contents and the intestinal lumen, including metabolites from the diet and produced by the microbiota. Both dietary and microbial products change over the course of early development and could contribute to the changes seen in susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis in humans and mice.

    Kelli L. VanDussen, Lisa J. Funkhouser-Jones, Marianna E. Akey, Deborah A. Schaefer, Kevin Ackman, Michael W. Riggs, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, L. David Sibley
    15 Dec 2020
  • Intracellular <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Perturbs the Host Cell Ca<sup>2+</sup> Homeostasis To Promote Cell Death
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Perturbs the Host Cell Ca2+ Homeostasis To Promote Cell Death

    Despite being regarded as an extracellular bacterium, the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus can invade and survive within human cells. The intracellular niche is considered a hideout from the host immune system and antibiotic treatment and allows bacterial proliferation.

    Kathrin Stelzner, Ann-Cathrin Winkler, Chunguang Liang, Aziza Boyny, Carsten P. Ade, Thomas Dandekar, Martin J. Fraunholz, Thomas Rudel
    15 Dec 2020
  • On the Origin of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span>: Ancestor, Environmental Stresses, and Antiseptics
    Opinion/Hypothesis | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    On the Origin of Candida auris: Ancestor, Environmental Stresses, and Antiseptics

    Candida auris has emerged as a serious threat to the health care settings. Advancements in molecular biology have provided several insights into the evolution of C. auris since it was first described in 2009.

    Megha Sharma, Arunaloke Chakrabarti
    15 Dec 2020
  • H1 Hemagglutinin Priming Provides Long-Lasting Heterosubtypic Immunity against H5N1 Challenge in the Mouse Model
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    H1 Hemagglutinin Priming Provides Long-Lasting Heterosubtypic Immunity against H5N1 Challenge in the Mouse Model

    Current studies point out that an HA-mediated immunological imprint is established early in life during the first exposure to influenza viruses, which critically shapes and biases future immune responses. However, these findings have not been confirmed in animal models, and the precise mechanisms of this phenomenon are not clearly understood.

    Juan Manuel Carreño, Shirin Strohmeier, Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux, Rong Hai, Peter Palese, Florian Krammer
    15 Dec 2020
  • Recombinant ACE2 Expression Is Required for SARS-CoV-2 To Infect Primary Human Endothelial Cells and Induce Inflammatory and Procoagulative Responses
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    Recombinant ACE2 Expression Is Required for SARS-CoV-2 To Infect Primary Human Endothelial Cells and Induce Inflammatory and Procoagulative Responses

    SARS-CoV-2 infects pulmonary epithelial cells through ACE2 receptors and causes ARDS. COVID-19 causes progressive respiratory failure resulting from diffuse alveolar damage and systemic coagulopathy, thrombosis, and capillary inflammation that tie alveolar responses to EC dysfunction.

    Jonas Nascimento Conde, William R. Schutt, Elena E. Gorbunova, Erich R. Mackow
    11 Dec 2020
  • Stapled Peptides Based on Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Potently Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection <em>In Vitro</em>
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Stapled Peptides Based on Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Potently Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro

    SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus with many unknowns. No vaccine or specific therapy is available yet to prevent and treat this deadly virus.

    Francesca Curreli, Sofia M. B. Victor, Shahad Ahmed, Aleksandra Drelich, Xiaohe Tong, Chien-Te K. Tseng, Christopher D. Hillyer, Asim K. Debnath
    11 Dec 2020
  • Essential Role for FtsL in Activation of Septal Peptidoglycan Synthesis
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Essential Role for FtsL in Activation of Septal Peptidoglycan Synthesis

    A critical step in bacterial cytokinesis is the activation of septal peptidoglycan synthesis at the Z ring. Although FtsN is the trigger and acts through FtsQLB and FtsA to activate FtsWI the mechanism is unclear.

    Kyung-Tae Park, Shishen Du, Joe Lutkenhaus
    8 Dec 2020

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