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Latest Articles

  • Extreme C-to-A Hypermutation at a Site of Cytosine-N4 Methylation
    Observation
    Extreme C-to-A Hypermutation at a Site of Cytosine-N4 Methylation

    Mutation produces the raw material for adaptive evolution but also imposes a burden because most mutations are deleterious. The rate of mutation at a particular site is affected by a variety of factors.

    Joshua L. Cherry
    13 Apr 2021
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas syringae</span> pv. <em>phaseolicola</em> Uses Distinct Modes of Stationary-Phase Persistence To Survive Bacteriocin and Streptomycin Treatments
    Research Article
    Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola Uses Distinct Modes of Stationary-Phase Persistence To Survive Bacteriocin and Streptomycin Treatments

    Populations of genetically identical bacteria encompass heterogeneous physiological states. The small fraction of bacteria that are dormant can help the population survive exposure to antibiotics and other stresses, potentially contributing to recurring infection cycles in animal or plant hosts.

    Ravikumar R. Patel, Prem P. Kandel, Eboni Traverso, Kevin L. Hockett, Lindsay R. Triplett
    13 Apr 2021
  • Enterovirus 2A<sup>pro</sup> Cleavage of the YTHDF m<sup>6</sup>A Readers Implicates YTHDF3 as a Mediator of Type I Interferon-Driven JAK/STAT Signaling
    Research Article
    Enterovirus 2Apro Cleavage of the YTHDF m6A Readers Implicates YTHDF3 as a Mediator of Type I Interferon-Driven JAK/STAT Signaling

    It is believed that ∼7,000 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are subject to N6-methyladenosine modification. The biological significance of this remains mysterious.

    Jonathan P. Kastan, Martine W. Tremblay, Michael C. Brown, Joseph D. Trimarco, Elena Y. Dobrikova, Mikhail I. Dobrikov, Matthias Gromeier
    13 Apr 2021
  • SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Disrupts Bidirectional Nucleocytoplasmic Transport through Interactions with Rae1 and Nup98
    Research Article
    SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Disrupts Bidirectional Nucleocytoplasmic Transport through Interactions with Rae1 and Nup98

    SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an RNA virus with a large genome that encodes multiple accessory proteins. While these accessory proteins are not required for growth in vitro, they can contribute to the pathogenicity of the virus.

    Amin Addetia, Nicole A. P. Lieberman, Quynh Phung, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Hong Xie, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Lasata Shrestha, Michelle A. Loprieno, Meei-Li Huang, Michael Gale, Jr., Keith R. Jerome, Alexander L. Greninger
    13 Apr 2021
  • Early Emergence and Long-Term Persistence of HIV-Infected T-Cell Clones in Children
    Research Article
    Early Emergence and Long-Term Persistence of HIV-Infected T-Cell Clones in Children

    HIV-1 integrates its genome into the DNA of host cells. Consequently, HIV-1 genomes are copied with the host cell DNA during cellular division.

    Michael J. Bale, Mary Grace Katusiime, Daria Wells, Xiaolin Wu, Jonathan Spindler, Elias K. Halvas, Joshua C. Cyktor, Ann Wiegand, Wei Shao, Mark F. Cotton, Stephen H. Hughes, John W. Mellors, John M. Coffin, Gert U. Van Zyl, Mary F. Kearney
    8 Apr 2021
  • Cyclic di-AMP Oversight of Counter-Ion Osmolyte Pools Impacts Intrinsic Cefuroxime Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Lactococcus lactis</span>
    Research Article
    Cyclic di-AMP Oversight of Counter-Ion Osmolyte Pools Impacts Intrinsic Cefuroxime Resistance in Lactococcus lactis

    The bacterial second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a global regulator of potassium homeostasis and compatible solute uptake in many Gram-positive bacteria, making it essential for osmoregulation. The role that c-di-AMP plays in β-lactam resistance, however, is unclear despite being first identified a decade ago.

    Huong Thi Pham, Wen Shi, Yuwei Xiang, Su Yi Foo, Manuel R. Plan, Pascal Courtin, Marie-Pierre Chapot-Chartier, Eddy J. Smid, Zhao-Xun Liang, Esteban Marcellin, Mark S. Turner
    8 Apr 2021
  • Class A Penicillin-Binding Protein-Mediated Cell Wall Synthesis Promotes Structural Integrity during Peptidoglycan Endopeptidase Insufficiency in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Vibrio cholerae</span>
    Research Article
    Class A Penicillin-Binding Protein-Mediated Cell Wall Synthesis Promotes Structural Integrity during Peptidoglycan Endopeptidase Insufficiency in Vibrio cholerae

    Synthesis and turnover of the bacterial cell wall must be tightly coordinated to avoid structural integrity failure and cell death. Details of this coordination are poorly understood, particularly if and how cell wall turnover enzymes are required for the activity of the different cell wall synthesis machines, the aPBPs and the Rod system.

    Shannon G. Murphy, Andrew N. Murtha, Ziyi Zhao, Laura Alvarez, Peter Diebold, Jung-Ho Shin, Michael S. VanNieuwenhze, Felipe Cava, Tobias Dörr
    6 Apr 2021
  • The Transmembrane Mucin MUC1 Facilitates β1-Integrin-Mediated Bacterial Invasion
    Research Article
    The Transmembrane Mucin MUC1 Facilitates β1-Integrin-Mediated Bacterial Invasion

    Bacteria can exploit membrane receptor integrins for cellular invasion, either by direct binding of bacterial adhesins or utilizing extracellular matrix components. MUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by most epithelial cells that can have direct defensive or receptor functions at the host-microbe interface and is involved in facilitating integrin clustering.

    Xinyue Li, Richard W. Wubbolts, Nancy M. C. Bleumink-Pluym, Jos P. M. van Putten, Karin Strijbis
    6 Apr 2021
  • Bifunctional Malic/Malolactic Enzyme Provides a Novel Mechanism for NADPH-Balancing in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Bacillus subtilis</span>
    Research Article
    Bifunctional Malic/Malolactic Enzyme Provides a Novel Mechanism for NADPH-Balancing in Bacillus subtilis

    A new mechanism for NADPH balancing was discovered in Bacillus subtilis. It pivots on the bifunctional enzyme YtsJ, which is known to catalyze NADP-dependent malate decarboxylation. We found that in the presence of excessive NADPH, the same enzyme switches to malolactic activity and creates a transhydrogenation cycle that ultimately converts NADPH to NADH. This...

    Manuel Hörl, Tobias Fuhrer, Nicola Zamboni
    6 Apr 2021
  • An Alternative and Conserved Cell Wall Enzyme That Can Substitute for the Lipid II Synthase MurG
    Research Article
    An Alternative and Conserved Cell Wall Enzyme That Can Substitute for the Lipid II Synthase MurG

    Almost all bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall, which protects cells from environmental harm. Formation of the cell wall requires the precursor molecule lipid II, which in bacteria is universally synthesized by the conserved and essential lipid II synthase MurG.

    L. Zhang, K. Ramijan, V. J. Carrión, L. T. van der Aart, J. Willemse, G. P. van Wezel, D. Claessen
    6 Apr 2021

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