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transcriptional regulation

  • Open Access
    Translational Regulation Promotes Oxidative Stress Resistance in the Human Fungal Pathogen <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus neoformans</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Translational Regulation Promotes Oxidative Stress Resistance in the Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

    Fungal survival in a mammalian host requires the coordinated expression and downregulation of a large cohort of genes in response to cellular stresses. Initial infection with C. neoformans occurs in the lungs, where it interacts with host macrophages. Surviving macrophage-derived cellular stresses, such as the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is...

    Jay Leipheimer, Amanda L. M. Bloom, Christopher S. Campomizzi, Yana Salei, John C. Panepinto
  • Open Access
    The TK0271 Protein Activates Transcription of Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis Genes in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Thermococcus kodakarensis</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The TK0271 Protein Activates Transcription of Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis Genes in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis

    The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in archaea are still poorly understood. In this study, we identified a transcriptional regulator in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis that activates the transcription of three operons involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. The study represents one of only a few that identifies a...

    Yasuyuki Yamamoto, Tamotsu Kanai, Tsuyoshi Kaneseki, Haruyuki Atomi
  • Open Access
    Interaction of the Ankyrin H Core Effector of <em>Legionella</em> with the Host LARP7 Component of the 7SK snRNP Complex
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Interaction of the Ankyrin H Core Effector of Legionella with the Host LARP7 Component of the 7SK snRNP Complex

    For intracellular pathogens to thrive in host cells, an environment that supports survival and replication needs to be established. L. pneumophila accomplishes this through the activity of the ∼330 effector proteins that are injected into host cells during infection. Effector functions range from hijacking host trafficking pathways to altering host cell machinery,...

    Juanita Von Dwingelo, Ivy Yeuk Wah Chung, Christopher T. Price, Lei Li, Snake Jones, Miroslaw Cygler, Yousef Abu Kwaik
  • Open Access
    Could Dampening Expression of the <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Neisseria gonorrhoeae</span> <em>mtrCDE</em>-Encoded Efflux Pump Be a Strategy To Preserve Currently or Resurrect Formerly Used Antibiotics To Treat Gonorrhea?
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Could Dampening Expression of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae mtrCDE-Encoded Efflux Pump Be a Strategy To Preserve Currently or Resurrect Formerly Used Antibiotics To Treat Gonorrhea?

    The emergence of gonococcal strains resistant to past or currently used antibiotics is a global public health concern, given the estimated 78 million infections that occur annually. The dearth of new antibiotics to treat gonorrhea demands that alternative curative strategies be considered to counteract antibiotic resistance expressed by gonococci. Herein, we show that decreased expression of a drug efflux pump that participates in...

    Shaochun Chen, Kristie L. Connolly, Corinne Rouquette-Loughlin, Alexander D’Andrea, Ann E. Jerse, William M. Shafer
  • Open Access
    A Central Small RNA Regulatory Circuit Controlling Bacterial Denitrification and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    A Central Small RNA Regulatory Circuit Controlling Bacterial Denitrification and N2O Emissions

    N2O is an important greenhouse gas and a major cause of ozone depletion. Denitrifying bacteria play vital roles in the production and consumption of N2O in many environments. Complete denitrification consists of the conversion of a soluble N-oxyanion, nitrate (NO3-), to an inert gaseous N-oxide, dinitrogen (N2). Incomplete denitrification can occur if conditions are prohibitive, for...

    Hannah Gaimster, Claire L. Hews, Ryan Griffiths, Manuel J. Soriano-Laguna, Mark Alston, David J. Richardson, Andrew J. Gates, Gary Rowley
  • Open Access
    Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) Modulates Encystation in <em>Entamoeba</em> via Stage-Specific Expression of the NF-YB and NF-YC Subunits
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) Modulates Encystation in Entamoeba via Stage-Specific Expression of the NF-YB and NF-YC Subunits

    The human parasite Entamoeba histolytica is an important pathogen with significant global impact and is a leading cause of parasitic death in humans. Since only the cyst form can be transmitted, blocking encystation would prevent new infections, making the encystation pathway an attractive target for the development of new drugs. Identification of the genetic signals...

    Dipak Manna, Upinder Singh
  • Open Access
    <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> Encodes an Atypical Auxiliary Acyl Carrier Protein Required for Efficient Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis by Exogenous Fatty Acids
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Enterococcus faecalis Encodes an Atypical Auxiliary Acyl Carrier Protein Required for Efficient Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis by Exogenous Fatty Acids

    AcpB homologs are encoded by many, but not all, lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillales), including many members of the human microbiome. The mechanisms regulating fatty acid synthesis by exogenous fatty acids play a key role in resistance of these bacteria to those antimicrobials targeted at fatty acid synthesis enzymes. Defective regulation can increase resistance to such inhibitors and also reduce pathogenesis.

    ...
    Lei Zhu, Qi Zou, Xinyun Cao, John E. Cronan
  • Open Access
    AtrR Is an Essential Determinant of Azole Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    AtrR Is an Essential Determinant of Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus

    Aspergillus fumigatus is the major filamentous fungal pathogen in humans. Infections associated with A. fumigatus are often treated with azole drugs, but resistance to these antifungal agents is increasing. Mortality from aspergillosis associated with azole-resistant fungi is extremely high....

    Sanjoy Paul, Mark Stamnes, Grace Heredge Thomas, Hong Liu, Daisuke Hagiwara, Katsuya Gomi, Scott G. Filler, W. Scott Moye-Rowley
  • Open Access
    BldC Delays Entry into Development To Produce a Sustained Period of Vegetative Growth in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptomyces venezuelae</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    BldC Delays Entry into Development To Produce a Sustained Period of Vegetative Growth in Streptomyces venezuelae

    Understanding the mechanisms that drive bacterial morphogenesis depends on the dissection of the regulatory networks that underpin the cell biological processes involved. Recently, Streptomyces venezuelae has emerged as an attractive model system for the study of morphological differentiation in Streptomyces. This has led to significant progress in...

    Matthew J. Bush, Govind Chandra, Mahmoud M. Al-Bassam, Kim C. Findlay, Mark J. Buttner
  • Open Access
    PAS Domain Protein Pas3 Interacts with the Chromatin Modifier Bre1 in Regulating Cryptococcal Morphogenesis
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    PAS Domain Protein Pas3 Interacts with the Chromatin Modifier Bre1 in Regulating Cryptococcal Morphogenesis

    For the ubiquitous environmental pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the morphological transition from yeast to filament confers resistance to natural predators like soil amoeba and is an integral differentiation event to produce infectious spores. Interestingly, filamentation is immuno-stimulatory and attenuates cryptococcal virulence in a mammalian host. Consistently...

    Youbao Zhao, Srijana Upadhyay, Xiaorong Lin

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