susceptibility

  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Pandemic Paradox: Early Life H2N2 Pandemic Influenza Infection Enhanced Susceptibility to Death during the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic
    Alain Gagnon, Enrique Acosta, Stacey Hallman, Robert Bourbeau, Lisa Y. Dillon, Nadine Ouellette, David J. D. Earn, D. Ann Herring, Kris Inwood, Joaquin Madrenas, Matthew S. Miller
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Penile Anaerobic Dysbiosis as a Risk Factor for HIV Infection

    We found that uncircumcised men who became infected by HIV during a 2-year clinical trial had higher levels of penile anaerobes than uncircumcised men who remained HIV negative. We also found that having higher levels of penile anaerobes was also associated with higher production of immune factors that recruit HIV target cells to the foreskin, suggesting that anaerobes may modify HIV risk by triggering inflammation. These anaerobes are...

    Cindy M. Liu, Jessica L. Prodger, Aaron A. R. Tobian, Alison G. Abraham, Godfrey Kigozi, Bruce A. Hungate, Maliha Aziz, Fred Nalugoda, Sanjeev Sariya, David Serwadda, Rupert Kaul, Ronald H. Gray, Lance B. Price
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