restriction factor
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyHistone Loaders CAF1 and HIRA Restrict Epstein-Barr Virus B-Cell Lytic ReactivationEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered as the first human tumor virus in endemic Burkitt lymphoma, the most common childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkitt lymphoma and in 200,000 EBV-associated cancers per year, epigenetic mechanisms maintain viral latency, during which lytic cycle factors are silenced. This property complicated EBV’s discovery and facilitates tumor immunoevasion. DNA methylation and chromatin-based...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyA Potent Postentry Restriction to Primate Lentiviruses in a Yinpterochiropteran BatThe COVID-19 pandemic suggests that bat innate immune systems are insufficiently characterized relative to the medical importance of these animals. Retroviruses, e.g., HIV-1, can be severe pathogens when they cross species barriers, and bat restrictions corresponding to retroviruses are comparatively unstudied. Here, we compared the abilities of retroviruses from three genera (Lentivirus, Gammaretrovirus, and ...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyAPOBEC3C Tandem Domain Proteins Create Super Restriction Factors against HIV-1As a part of the innate immune system, humans encode proteins that inhibit viruses such as HIV-1. These broadly acting antiviral proteins do not protect humans from viral infections because viruses encode proteins that antagonize the host antiviral proteins to evade the innate immune system. One such example of a host antiviral protein is APOBEC3C (A3C), which weakly inhibits HIV-1. Here, we show that we can improve the antiviral...