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Plasmodium

  • Open Access
    <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> Guanylyl Cyclase-Alpha and the Activity of Its Appended P4-ATPase Domain Are Essential for cGMP Synthesis and Blood-Stage Egress
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Plasmodium falciparum Guanylyl Cyclase-Alpha and the Activity of Its Appended P4-ATPase Domain Are Essential for cGMP Synthesis and Blood-Stage Egress

    The clinical manifestations of malaria arise due to successive rounds of replication of Plasmodium parasites within red blood cells. Once mature, daughter merozoites are released from infected erythrocytes to invade new cells in a tightly regulated process termed egress.

    Stephanie D. Nofal, Avnish Patel, Michael J. Blackman, Christian Flueck, David A. Baker
  • Open Access
    CaaX-Like Protease of Cyanobacterial Origin Is Required for Complex Plastid Biogenesis in Malaria Parasites
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    CaaX-Like Protease of Cyanobacterial Origin Is Required for Complex Plastid Biogenesis in Malaria Parasites

    Plasmodium parasites, which cause malaria, and related apicomplexans are important human and veterinary pathogens. These parasites represent a highly divergent and understudied branch of eukaryotes, and as such often defy the expectations set by model organisms. One striking example of unique apicomplexan biology is the apicoplast, an essential but nonphotosynthetic plastid derived from an unusual secondary (eukaryote-eukaryote...

    Thomas R. Meister, Yong Tang, Michael J. Pulkoski-Gross, Ellen Yeh
  • Open Access
    An Endoplasmic Reticulum CREC Family Protein Regulates the Egress Proteolytic Cascade in Malaria Parasites
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    An Endoplasmic Reticulum CREC Family Protein Regulates the Egress Proteolytic Cascade in Malaria Parasites

    The divergent eukaryotic parasites that cause malaria grow and divide within a vacuole inside a host cell, which they have to break open once they finish cell division. The egress of daughter parasites requires the activation of a proteolytic cascade, and a subtilisin-like protease initiates a proteolytic cascade to break down the membranes blocking egress. It is assumed that the parasite endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in this...

    Manuel A. Fierro, Beejan Asady, Carrie F. Brooks, David W. Cobb, Alejandra Villegas, Silvia N. J. Moreno, Vasant Muralidharan
  • Open Access
    RNA-Seq Analysis Illuminates the Early Stages of <em>Plasmodium</em> Liver Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    RNA-Seq Analysis Illuminates the Early Stages of Plasmodium Liver Infection

    The LS of Plasmodium infection is an asymptomatic yet necessary stage for producing blood-infective parasites, the causative agents of malaria. Blocking the liver stage of the life cycle can prevent clinical malaria, but relatively less is known about the parasite’s biology at this stage. Using the rodent model P. berghei, we investigated whole-transcriptome...

    Maria Toro-Moreno, Kayla Sylvester, Tamanna Srivastava, Dora Posfai, Emily R. Derbyshire
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Plasmodium yoelii</span> Erythrocyte-Binding-like Protein Modulates Host Cell Membrane Structure, Immunity, and Disease Severity
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Plasmodium yoelii Erythrocyte-Binding-like Protein Modulates Host Cell Membrane Structure, Immunity, and Disease Severity

    Malaria is a deadly parasitic disease that continues to afflict hundreds of millions of people every year. Infections with malaria parasites can be asymptomatic, with mild symptoms, or fatal, depending on a delicate balance of host immune responses. Malaria parasites enter host red blood cells (RBCs) through interactions between parasite ligands and host receptors, such as erythrocyte-binding-like (EBL) proteins and host Duffy antigen...

    Yu-chih Peng, Yanwei Qi, Cui Zhang, Xiangyu Yao, Jian Wu, Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat, Lu Xia, Keyla C. Tumas, Xiao He, Takahiro Ishizaki, Chen-Feng Qi, Anthony A. Holder, Timothy G. Myers, Carole A. Long, Osamu Kaneko, Jian Li, Xin-zhuan Su
  • Open Access
    Antibodies to Cryptic Epitopes in Distant Homologues Underpin a Mechanism of Heterologous Immunity between <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> PvDBP and <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> VAR2CSA
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Antibodies to Cryptic Epitopes in Distant Homologues Underpin a Mechanism of Heterologous Immunity between Plasmodium vivax PvDBP and Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA

    In this work, we describe a molecular mechanism of heterologous immunity between two distant species of Plasmodium. Our results suggest a mechanism that subverts the classic parasite strategy of presenting highly polymorphic epitopes in surface antigens to evade immunity to that parasite. This alternative immune pathway can be exploited to protect pregnant women from falciparum placental malaria by designing vaccines to cryptic...

    Catherine J. Mitran, Angie Mena, Sedami Gnidehou, Shanna Banman, Eliana Arango, Barbara A. S. Lima, Hazel Lugo, Aravindhan Ganesan, Ali Salanti, Anthony K. Mbonye, Francis Ntumngia, Khaled Barakat, John H. Adams, Flora S. Kano, Luzia H. Carvalho, Amanda E. Maestre, Michael F. Good, Stephanie K. Yanow
  • Open Access
    Further Mechanisms and Locations in Which Antisporozoite Antibodies Neutralize Malaria Sporozoites
    Letter to the Editor | Host-Microbe Biology
    Further Mechanisms and Locations in Which Antisporozoite Antibodies Neutralize Malaria Sporozoites
    Jerome P. Vanderberg
  • Open Access
    Uncoupling the Threading and Unfoldase Actions of <em>Plasmodium</em> HSP101 Reveals Differences in Export between Soluble and Insoluble Proteins
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Uncoupling the Threading and Unfoldase Actions of Plasmodium HSP101 Reveals Differences in Export between Soluble and Insoluble Proteins

    The Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria export hundreds of proteins into their host red blood cell (RBC). These exported proteins drastically alter the structural and functional properties of the RBC and play critical roles in parasite virulence and survival. To access the RBC cytoplasm, parasite proteins must pass through the Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins (PTEX) located at the membrane interfacing the...

    Kathryn M. Matthews, Ming Kalanon, Tania F. de Koning-Ward
  • Open Access
    Alternative Splicing in Apicomplexan Parasites
    Minireview | Host-Microbe Biology
    Alternative Splicing in Apicomplexan Parasites

    Alternative splicing is a widespread, essential, and complex component of gene regulation. Apicomplexan parasites have long been recognized to produce alternatively spliced transcripts for some genes and can produce multiple protein products that are essential for parasite growth.

    Lee M. Yeoh, V. Vern Lee, Geoffrey I. McFadden, Stuart A. Ralph
  • Open Access
    Suppression of Drug Resistance Reveals a Genetic Mechanism of Metabolic Plasticity in Malaria Parasites
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Suppression of Drug Resistance Reveals a Genetic Mechanism of Metabolic Plasticity in Malaria Parasites

    Unique and essential aspects of parasite metabolism are excellent targets for development of new antimalarials. An improved understanding of parasite metabolism and drug resistance mechanisms is urgently needed. The antibiotic fosmidomycin targets the synthesis of essential isoprenoid compounds from glucose and is a candidate for antimalarial development. Our report identifies a novel mechanism of drug resistance and further describes a...

    Ann M. Guggisberg, Philip M. Frasse, Andrew J. Jezewski, Natasha M. Kafai, Aakash Y. Gandhi, Samuel J. Erlinger, Audrey R. Odom John

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