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peptidoglycan

  • Open Access
    Septal Class A Penicillin-Binding Protein Activity and <span class="sc">ld</span>-Transpeptidases Mediate Selection of Colistin-Resistant Lipooligosaccharide-Deficient <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Acinetobacter baumannii</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Septal Class A Penicillin-Binding Protein Activity and ld-Transpeptidases Mediate Selection of Colistin-Resistant Lipooligosaccharide-Deficient Acinetobacter baumannii

    The increasing prevalence of antibiotic treatment failure associated with Gram-negative bacterial infections highlights an urgent need to develop new alternative therapeutic strategies. The last-line antimicrobial colistin (polymyxin E) targets the ubiquitous outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/LOS membrane anchor, lipid A, which is essential for viability of most diderms.

    Katie N. Kang, Misha I. Kazi, Jacob Biboy, Joe Gray, Hannah Bovermann, Jessie Ausman, Cara C. Boutte, Waldemar Vollmer, Joseph M. Boll
  • Open Access
    SPOR Proteins Are Required for Functionality of Class A Penicillin-Binding Proteins in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    SPOR Proteins Are Required for Functionality of Class A Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Escherichia coli

    Escherichia coli has four SPOR proteins that bind peptidoglycan, of which FtsN is essential for cell division. DamX and DedD are suggested to have semiredundant functions in cell division based on genetic evidence. Here, we solved the structure of the SPOR domain of DedD, and we show that both DamX and DedD interact with and stimulate the synthetic activity of the...

    Manuel Pazos, Katharina Peters, Adrien Boes, Yalda Safaei, Calem Kenward, Nathanael A. Caveney, Cedric Laguri, Eefjan Breukink, Natalie C. J. Strynadka, Jean-Pierre Simorre, Mohammed Terrak, Waldemar Vollmer
  • Open Access
    A CozE Homolog Contributes to Cell Size Homeostasis of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    A CozE Homolog Contributes to Cell Size Homeostasis of Streptococcus pneumoniae

    Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), the proteins catalyzing the last steps of peptidoglycan assembly, are critical for bacteria to maintain cell size, shape, and integrity. PBPs are consequently attractive targets for antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) are often associated with mutations in the PBPs. In this work, we...

    Gro Anita Stamsås, Marine Restelli, Adrien Ducret, Céline Freton, Pierre Simon Garcia, Leiv Sigve Håvarstein, Daniel Straume, Christophe Grangeasse, Morten Kjos
  • Open Access
    Bacterial Cell Wall Quality Control during Environmental Stress
    Minireview | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Bacterial Cell Wall Quality Control during Environmental Stress

    Nearly all bacteria are encased in a peptidoglycan cell wall, an essential polysaccharide structure that protects the cell from osmotic rupture and reinforces cell shape. The integrity of this protective barrier must be maintained across the diversity of environmental conditions wherein bacteria replicate. However, at the cell surface, the cell wall and its synthesis machinery face unique challenges that threaten their integrity....

    Elizabeth A. Mueller, Petra Anne Levin
  • Open Access
    Roles of ATP Hydrolysis by FtsEX and Interaction with FtsA in Regulation of Septal Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Hydrolysis
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Roles of ATP Hydrolysis by FtsEX and Interaction with FtsA in Regulation of Septal Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Hydrolysis

    Cytokinesis in Gram-negative bacteria requires coordinated invagination of the three layers of the cell envelope; otherwise, cells become sensitive to hydrophobic antibiotics and can even undergo cell lysis. In E. coli, the ABC transporter FtsEX couples the synthesis and hydrolysis of the stress-bearing peptidoglycan layer at the septum by interacting with...

    Shishen Du, Sebastien Pichoff, Joe Lutkenhaus
  • Open Access
    The NtrYX Two-Component System Regulates the Bacterial Cell Envelope
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The NtrYX Two-Component System Regulates the Bacterial Cell Envelope

    The bacterial cell envelope provides many important functions. It protects cells from harsh environments, serves as a selective permeability barrier, houses bioenergetic functions, defines sensitivity to antibacterial agents, and plays a crucial role in biofilm formation, symbiosis, and virulence. Despite the important roles of this cellular compartment, we lack a detailed understanding of the biosynthesis and remodeling of the cell...

    Kimberly C. Lemmer, François Alberge, Kevin S. Myers, Alice C. Dohnalkova, Ryan E. Schaub, Jonathan D. Lenz, Saheed Imam, Joseph P. Dillard, Daniel R. Noguera, Timothy J. Donohue
  • Open Access
    The Min System Disassembles FtsZ Foci and Inhibits Polar Peptidoglycan Remodeling in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Bacillus subtilis</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The Min System Disassembles FtsZ Foci and Inhibits Polar Peptidoglycan Remodeling in Bacillus subtilis

    Many bacteria grow and divide by binary fission in which a mother cell divides into two identical daughter cells. To produce two equally sized daughters, the division machinery, guided by FtsZ, must dynamically localize to the midcell each cell cycle. Here, we quantitatively analyzed FtsZ dynamics during growth and found that the Min system of Bacillus subtilis is...

    Yuanchen Yu, Jinsheng Zhou, Felix Dempwolff, Joshua D. Baker, Daniel B. Kearns, Stephen C. Jacobson
  • Open Access
    Chlamydial MreB Directs Cell Division and Peptidoglycan Synthesis in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> in the Absence of FtsZ Activity
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Chlamydial MreB Directs Cell Division and Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Escherichia coli in the Absence of FtsZ Activity

    The study of Chlamydia growth and cell division is complicated by its obligate intracellular nature and biphasic lifestyle. Chlamydia also lacks the universal division protein FtsZ. We employed the cell division system of Escherichia coli as a surrogate to identify chlamydial cell division proteins. We demonstrate that chlamydial MreB, together with...

    Dev K. Ranjit, George W. Liechti, Anthony T. Maurelli
  • Open Access
    Bacterial Swarming Reduces <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Proteus mirabilis</span> and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</span> Cell Stiffness and Increases β-Lactam Susceptibility
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Bacterial Swarming Reduces Proteus mirabilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cell Stiffness and Increases β-Lactam Susceptibility

    Proteus mirabilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are bacteria that infect humans. To adapt to environmental changes, these bacteria alter their cell morphology and move collectively to access new sources of nutrients in a process referred to as “swarming.” We found that changes in the composition and...

    George K. Auer, Piercen M. Oliver, Manohary Rajendram, Ti-Yu Lin, Qing Yao, Grant J. Jensen, Douglas B. Weibel
  • Open Access
    A SpoIID Homolog Cleaves Glycan Strands at the Chlamydial Division Septum
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    A SpoIID Homolog Cleaves Glycan Strands at the Chlamydial Division Septum

    Chlamydiales species are obligate intracellular bacteria and important human pathogens that have a minimal division machinery lacking the proteins that are essential for bacterial division in other species, such as FtsZ. Chlamydial division requires synthesis of peptidoglycan, which forms a ring at the division septum and is rapidly turned over. However, little is known of peptidoglycan degradation, because many peptidoglycan-...

    Nicolas Jacquier, Akhilesh K. Yadav, Trestan Pillonel, Patrick H. Viollier, Felipe Cava, Gilbert Greub

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