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neuroinflammation

  • Open Access
    HIV-1 Vpr-Induced Proinflammatory Response and Apoptosis Are Mediated through the Sur1-Trpm4 Channel in Astrocytes
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    HIV-1 Vpr-Induced Proinflammatory Response and Apoptosis Are Mediated through the Sur1-Trpm4 Channel in Astrocytes

    Effective antiretroviral therapies can now prolong patients’ lives to nearly normal life span. The current challenge faced by many HIV-infected patients is chronic neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity that contributes to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).

    Ge Li, Tapas Makar, Volodymyr Gerzanich, Sudhakar Kalakonda, Svetlana Ivanova, Edna F. R. Pereira, Sanketh Andharvarapu, Jiantao Zhang, J. Marc Simard, Richard Y. Zhao
  • Open Access
    Neuroinflammatory Changes in Relation to Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Neuroinflammatory Changes in Relation to Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis

    Neurological and cognitive problems are a common complication of HIV infection and are prevalent even in treated individuals. Although the molecular processes underlying brain involvement with HIV are not completely understood, inflammation is suspected to play a significant role. Our work presents an in vivo assessment of neuroinflammation in an animal model of HIV, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus...

    Dima A. Hammoud, Sanhita Sinharay, Swati Shah, William Schreiber-Stainthorp, Dragan Maric, Siva Muthusamy, Dianne E. Lee, Cheri A. Lee, Falguni Basuli, William C. Reid, Paul Wakim, Kenta Matsuda, Vanessa Hirsch, Avindra Nath, Michele Di Mascio
  • Open Access
    Guanabenz Reverses a Key Behavioral Change Caused by Latent Toxoplasmosis in Mice by Reducing Neuroinflammation
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Guanabenz Reverses a Key Behavioral Change Caused by Latent Toxoplasmosis in Mice by Reducing Neuroinflammation

    Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite of animals, including up to one-third of humans. The single-celled parasite persists within hosts for the duration of their life as tissue cysts, giving rise to chronic infection. Latent toxoplasmosis is correlated with neurological dysfunction in humans and results in dramatic behavioral changes in rodents. When infected, mice...

    Jennifer Martynowicz, Leonardo Augusto, Ronald C. Wek, Stephen L. Boehm, William J. Sullivan
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