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miRNA

  • Open Access
    Human Cytomegalovirus miR-US25-1 Targets the GTPase RhoA To Inhibit CD34<sup>+</sup> Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Proliferation To Maintain the Latent Viral Genome
    Research Article
    Human Cytomegalovirus miR-US25-1 Targets the GTPase RhoA To Inhibit CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Proliferation To Maintain the Latent Viral Genome

    Each herpesvirus family establishes latency in a unique cell type. Since herpesviruses genomes are maintained as episomes, the viruses need to devise mechanisms to retain the latent genome during cell division.

    Nicole L. Diggins, Lindsey B. Crawford, Meaghan H. Hancock, Jennifer Mitchell, Jay A. Nelson
  • Open Access
    Intergenerational Pathogen-Induced Diapause in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Caenorhabditis elegans</span> Is Modulated by <em>mir-243</em>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Intergenerational Pathogen-Induced Diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans Is Modulated by mir-243

    Persistent infection of the bacterivore nematode C. elegans with bacteria such as P. aeruginosa and S. enterica makes the worm diapause or hibernate. By doing this, the worm closes its mouth, avoiding infection. This response...

    Carolaing Gabaldón, Marcela Legüe, M. Fernanda Palominos, Lidia Verdugo, Florence Gutzwiller, Andrea Calixto
  • Open Access
    Decreased, Deformed, Defective—How HIV-1 Vpu Targets Peroxisomes
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    Decreased, Deformed, Defective—How HIV-1 Vpu Targets Peroxisomes

    Peroxisomes are found in essentially all eukaryotic cells and have been described as important hubs in innate sensing and the induction of type III interferons upon viral infection. Nevertheless, it remains poorly investigated how viral pathogens modulate biogenesis or function of peroxisomes to evade innate sensing and restriction. In a recent study, Hobman and colleagues found that the accessory viral protein u (Vpu) of HIV-1 inhibits...

    Kristina Hopfensperger, Daniel Sauter
  • Open Access
    A MicroRNA Network Controls <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> Replication in Human Macrophages via LGALS8 and MX1
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A MicroRNA Network Controls Legionella pneumophila Replication in Human Macrophages via LGALS8 and MX1

    Cases of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia occur worldwide, with potentially fatal outcome. When causing human disease, Legionella injects a plethora of virulence factors to reprogram macrophages to circumvent immune defense and create a replication niche. By analyzing Legionella-induced changes in miRNA expression and genomewide chromatin...

    Christina E. Herkt, Brian E. Caffrey, Kristin Surmann, Sascha Blankenburg, Manuela Gesell Salazar, Anna L. Jung, Stefanie M. Herbel, Kerstin Hoffmann, Leon N. Schulte, Wei Chen, Alexandra Sittka-Stark, Uwe Völker, Martin Vingron, Annalisa Marsico, Wilhelm Bertrams, Bernd Schmeck
  • Open Access
    Reprogramming of Small Noncoding RNA Populations in Peripheral Blood Reveals Host Biomarkers for Latent and Active <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Reprogramming of Small Noncoding RNA Populations in Peripheral Blood Reveals Host Biomarkers for Latent and Active Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

    Tuberculosis is the infectious disease with the worldwide largest disease burden and there remains a great need for better diagnostic biomarkers to detect latent and active M. tuberculosis infection. RNA molecules hold great promise in this regard, as their levels of expression may differ considerably between infected and uninfected subjects. We have measured...

    Leonardo Silva de Araujo, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Thyago Leal-Calvo, Janaína Leung, Verónica Durán, Mohamed Samir, Steven Talbot, Aravind Tallam, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz Mello, Robert Geffers, Maria Helena Féres Saad, Frank Pessler
  • Open Access
    A Gammaherpesvirus MicroRNA Targets EWSR1 (Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1) <em>In Vivo</em> To Promote Latent Infection of Germinal Center B Cells
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A Gammaherpesvirus MicroRNA Targets EWSR1 (Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1) In Vivo To Promote Latent Infection of Germinal Center B Cells

    Gammaherpesviruses, including the human pathogens Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), directly contribute to the genesis of multiple types of malignancies. In vivo, these viruses infect B cells and manipulate B cell biology to establish lifelong infection. To accomplish this, gammaherpesviruses employ an array of gene products, including miRNAs, short noncoding RNAs that bind to and...

    Yiping Wang, Emily R. Feldman, Whitney L. Bullard, Scott A. Tibbetts
  • Open Access
    MicroRNAs of Epstein-Barr Virus Attenuate T-Cell-Mediated Immune Control <em>In Vivo</em>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    MicroRNAs of Epstein-Barr Virus Attenuate T-Cell-Mediated Immune Control In Vivo

    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects the majority of the human population and usually persists asymptomatically within its host. Nevertheless, EBV is the causative agent for infectious mononucleosis (IM) and for lymphoproliferative disorders, including Burkitt and Hodgkin lymphomas. The immune system of the infected host is thought to prevent tumor formation in healthy virus carriers. EBV was one of the first viruses described to express...

    Anita Murer, Julia Rühl, Andrea Zbinden, Riccarda Capaul, Wolfgang Hammerschmidt, Obinna Chijioke, Christian Münz
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    A Viral Suppressor Modulates the Plant Immune Response Early in Infection by Regulating MicroRNA Activity
    Robert Pertermann, Selvaraj Tamilarasan, Torsten Gursinsky, Giorgio Gambino, Jana Schuck, Claus Weinholdt, Hauke Lilie, Ivo Grosse, Ralph Peter Golbik, Vitantonio Pantaleo, Sven-Erik Behrens
  • Open Access
    Commentary
    New Mechanism by Which Human Cytomegalovirus MicroRNAs Negate the Proinflammatory Response to Infection
    Andrew D. Yurochko
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