microbial ecology
Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary ScienceMaintenance of Sympatric and Allopatric Populations in Free-Living Terrestrial BacteriaDue to the promiscuous exchange of genetic material and asexual reproduction, delineating microbial species (and, by extension, populations) remains challenging. Because of this, the vast majority of microbial studies assessing population structure often compare divergent strains from disparate environments under varied selective pressures. Here, we investigated the population structure within a single bacterial ecotype, a unit...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary ScienceEcological and Genomic Attributes of Novel Bacterial Taxa That Thrive in Subsurface Soil HorizonsSoil profiles are rarely homogeneous. Resource availability and microbial abundances typically decrease with soil depth, but microbes found in deeper horizons are still important components of terrestrial ecosystems. By studying 20 soil profiles across the United States, we documented consistent changes in soil bacterial and archaeal communities with depth. Deeper soils harbored communities distinct from those of the more commonly...
Author Reply | Applied and Environmental ScienceReply to Sun et al., “Identifying Composition Novelty in Microbiome Studies: Improvement of Prediction Accuracy”
Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary ScienceMicrobial Similarity between Students in a Common Dormitory Environment Reveals the Forensic Potential of Individual Microbial SignaturesHumans leave behind a microbial trail, regardless of intention. This may allow for the identification of individuals based on the “microbial signatures” they shed in built environments. In a shared living environment, these trails intersect, and through interaction with common surfaces may become homogenized, potentially confounding our ability to link individuals to their associated microbiota. We sought to understand the factors that...
Observation | Host-Microbe BiologyFecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Not Predictive of Colonic Tumor Status and Cannot Be Predicted Based on Bacterial Community StructureConsidering that colorectal cancer is the third leading cancer-related cause of death within the United States, it is important to detect colorectal tumors early and to prevent the formation of tumors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are often used as a surrogate for measuring gut health and for being anticarcinogenic because of their anti-inflammatory properties. We evaluated the fecal SCFA concentrations of a cohort of individuals...
Research Article | Clinical Science and EpidemiologyThe Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on Human Gut Microbiota Based on Cross-Sectional and Pre- and Postdeworming Comparisons in Western KenyaThe gut microbiome is an important factor in human health. It is affected by what we eat, what medicines we take, and what infections we acquire. In turn, it affects the way we absorb nutrients and whether we have excessive intestinal inflammation. Intestinal worms may have an important impact on the composition of the gut microbiome. Without a complete understanding of the impact of mass deworming programs on the microbiome, it is...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologySupragingival Plaque Microbiome Ecology and Functional Potential in the Context of Health and DiseaseOral health has substantial economic importance, with over $100 billion spent on dental care in the United States annually. The microbiome plays a critical role in oral health, yet remains poorly classified. To address the question of how microbial diversity and function in the oral cavities of children relate to caries diagnosis, we surveyed the supragingival plaque biofilm microbiome in 44 juvenile twin pairs. Using shotgun sequencing...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyDiagnostic Potential and Interactive Dynamics of the Colorectal Cancer ViromeColorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Its risk and severity have been linked to colonic bacterial community composition. Although human-specific viruses have been linked to other cancers and diseases, little is known about colorectal cancer virus communities. We addressed this knowledge gap by identifying differences in colonic virus communities in the stool of colorectal cancer...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceIdentifying and Predicting Novelty in Microbiome StudiesWe introduce two concepts to quantify the novelty of a microbiome. The first, the microbiome novelty score (MNS), allows identification of microbiomes that are especially different from what is already sequenced. The second, the microbiome attention score (MAS), allows identification of microbiomes that have many close neighbors, implying that considerable scientific attention is devoted to their study. By computing a microbiome focus...