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macrophage

  • Open Access
    CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Broadly Neutralize HIV-1 and Suppress Viral Replication through Autophagy
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    CD4+ T Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Broadly Neutralize HIV-1 and Suppress Viral Replication through Autophagy

    HIV-1 is a major global health challenge. The development of an effective vaccine and/or a therapeutic cure is a top priority. The creation of vaccines that focus an antibody response toward a particular epitope of a protein has shown promise, but the genetic diversity of HIV-1 hinders this progress. Here we developed an approach using nanoengineered CD4+ T cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (TNP). Not only do TNP effectively...

    Gang Zhang, Grant R. Campbell, Qiangzhe Zhang, Erin Maule, Jonathan Hanna, Weiwei Gao, Liangfang Zhang, Stephen A. Spector
  • Open Access
    A Cytoplasmic Heme Sensor Illuminates the Impacts of Mitochondrial and Vacuolar Functions and Oxidative Stress on Heme-Iron Homeostasis in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus neoformans</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    A Cytoplasmic Heme Sensor Illuminates the Impacts of Mitochondrial and Vacuolar Functions and Oxidative Stress on Heme-Iron Homeostasis in Cryptococcus neoformans

    Invasive fungal diseases are increasing in frequency, and new drug targets and antifungal drugs are needed to bolster therapy. The mechanisms by which pathogens obtain critical nutrients such as iron from heme during host colonization represent a promising target for therapy. In this study, we employed a fluorescent heme sensor to investigate heme homeostasis in Cryptococcus...

    Gaurav Bairwa, Eddy Sánchez-León, Eunsoo Do, Won Hee Jung, James W. Kronstad
  • Open Access
    MicroRNA-325-3p Facilitates Immune Escape of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> through Targeting LNX1 via NEK6 Accumulation to Promote Anti-Apoptotic STAT3 Signaling
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    MicroRNA-325-3p Facilitates Immune Escape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Targeting LNX1 via NEK6 Accumulation to Promote Anti-Apoptotic STAT3 Signaling

    Intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in bacterial proliferation and the spread of infection in lungs, consequently deteriorating the conditions of tuberculosis (TB) patients. This research discovers a new immune escape pathway of M. tuberculosis by modulating host miR-325-3p...

    Beibei Fu, Weiwei Xue, Haiwei Zhang, Rui Zhang, Kelly Feldman, Qingting Zhao, Shanfu Zhang, Lei Shi, Krishna Chaitanya Pavani, Weiqi Nian, Xiaoyuan Lin, Haibo Wu
  • Open Access
    Epistatic Interplay between Type IV Secretion Effectors Engages the Small GTPase Rab2 in the <em>Brucella</em> Intracellular Cycle
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Epistatic Interplay between Type IV Secretion Effectors Engages the Small GTPase Rab2 in the Brucella Intracellular Cycle

    Bacterial pathogens with an intracellular lifestyle modulate many host cellular processes to promote their infectious cycle. They do so by delivering effector proteins into host cells via dedicated secretion systems that target specific host functions. While the roles of many individual effectors are known, how their modes of action are coordinated is rarely understood. Here, we show that the zoonotic bacterium...

    Erin P. Smith, Alexis Cotto-Rosario, Elizabeth Borghesan, Kiara Held, Cheryl N. Miller, Jean Celli
  • Open Access
    A MicroRNA Network Controls <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> Replication in Human Macrophages via LGALS8 and MX1
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A MicroRNA Network Controls Legionella pneumophila Replication in Human Macrophages via LGALS8 and MX1

    Cases of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia occur worldwide, with potentially fatal outcome. When causing human disease, Legionella injects a plethora of virulence factors to reprogram macrophages to circumvent immune defense and create a replication niche. By analyzing Legionella-induced changes in miRNA expression and genomewide chromatin...

    Christina E. Herkt, Brian E. Caffrey, Kristin Surmann, Sascha Blankenburg, Manuela Gesell Salazar, Anna L. Jung, Stefanie M. Herbel, Kerstin Hoffmann, Leon N. Schulte, Wei Chen, Alexandra Sittka-Stark, Uwe Völker, Martin Vingron, Annalisa Marsico, Wilhelm Bertrams, Bernd Schmeck
  • Open Access
    Divergent Evolution of <em>Legionella</em> RCC1 Repeat Effectors Defines the Range of Ran GTPase Cycle Targets
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Divergent Evolution of Legionella RCC1 Repeat Effectors Defines the Range of Ran GTPase Cycle Targets

    Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium which, upon inhalation, causes a life-threatening pneumonia termed Legionnaires’ disease. The opportunistic pathogen grows in amoebae and macrophages by employing a “type IV” secretion system, which secretes more than 300 different “effector” proteins into the host cell, where they subvert pivotal...

    A. Leoni Swart, Bernhard Steiner, Laura Gomez-Valero, Sabina Schütz, Mandy Hannemann, Petra Janning, Michael Irminger, Eva Rothmeier, Carmen Buchrieser, Aymelt Itzen, Vikram Govind Panse, Hubert Hilbi
  • Open Access
    Multiple Alternative Carbon Pathways Combine To Promote <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida albicans</span> Stress Resistance, Immune Interactions, and Virulence
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Multiple Alternative Carbon Pathways Combine To Promote Candida albicans Stress Resistance, Immune Interactions, and Virulence

    Candida albicans is a fungal pathogen and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in people with defects, sometimes minor ones, in innate immunity. The phagocytes of the innate immune system, particularly macrophages and neutrophils, generally restrict this organism to its normal commensal niches, but...

    Robert B. Williams, Michael C. Lorenz
  • Open Access
    Vomocytosis: Too Much Booze, Base, or Calcium?
    Minireview | Host-Microbe Biology
    Vomocytosis: Too Much Booze, Base, or Calcium?

    Macrophages are well known for their phagocytic activity and their role in innate immune responses. Macrophages eat non-self particles, via a variety of mechanisms, and typically break down internalized cargo into small macromolecules. However, some pathogenic agents have the ability to evade this endosomal degradation through a nonlytic exocytosis process termed vomocytosis.

    Melissa Cruz-Acuña, Noah Pacifici, Jamal S. Lewis
  • Open Access
    Intracellular <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium leprae</span> Utilizes Host Glucose as a Carbon Source in Schwann Cells
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    Intracellular Mycobacterium leprae Utilizes Host Glucose as a Carbon Source in Schwann Cells

    Leprosy remains a major problem in the world today, particularly affecting the poorest and most disadvantaged sections of society in the least developed countries of the world. The long-term aim of research is to develop new treatments and vaccines, and these aims are currently hampered by our inability to grow the pathogen in axenic culture. In this study, we probed the metabolism of...

    Khushboo Borah, Karina do Carmo de Vasconcelos Girardi, Tom A. Mendum, Leticia Miranda Santos Lery, Dany J. V. Beste, Flavio Alves Lara, Maria Cristina Vidal Pessolani, Johnjoe McFadden
  • Open Access
    <em>Bordetella</em> Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Inhibits Monocyte-to-Macrophage Transition and Dedifferentiates Human Alveolar Macrophages into Monocyte-like Cells
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Inhibits Monocyte-to-Macrophage Transition and Dedifferentiates Human Alveolar Macrophages into Monocyte-like Cells

    Macrophages are key sentinel cells of the immune system, and, as such, they are targeted by the toxins produced by the pertussis agent Bordetella pertussis. The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) mediates immune evasion of B. pertussis by suspending the bactericidal activities of myeloid phagocytes. We...

    Jawid Nazir Ahmad, Jana Holubova, Oldrich Benada, Olga Kofronova, Ludek Stehlik, Martina Vasakova, Peter Sebo

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