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intestine

  • Open Access
    The TLR3/IRF1/Type III IFN Axis Facilitates Antiviral Responses against Enterovirus Infections in the Intestine
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The TLR3/IRF1/Type III IFN Axis Facilitates Antiviral Responses against Enterovirus Infections in the Intestine

    Enterovirus infections are significant sources of human diseases and public health risks worldwide, but little is known about the mechanism of innate immune response in host intestine epithelial surface during the viral replication. We reported the epithelial immune response in cultured human normal and cancerous cells (IECs), mouse tissues, and human clinical intestine specimens following infection with enterovirus 71. The results...

    Rui Su, Muhammad Adnan Shereen, Xiaofeng Zeng, Yicong Liang, Wen Li, Zhihui Ruan, Yongkui Li, Weiyong Liu, Yingle Liu, Kailang Wu, Zhen Luo, Jianguo Wu
  • Open Access
    Can Dietary Fatty Acids Affect the COVID-19 Infection Outcome in Vulnerable Populations?
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    Can Dietary Fatty Acids Affect the COVID-19 Infection Outcome in Vulnerable Populations?

    There is high mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases, like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. A cytokine storm in some patients after infection contributes to this mortality. In addition to lungs, the intestine is targeted during COVID-19 infection. The intestinal membrane serves as a barrier to prevent leakage of microorganisms and their products into the bloodstream;...

    J. C. Onishi, M. M. Häggblom, S. A. Shapses
  • Open Access
    Norovirus Replication in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Restricted by the Interferon-Induced JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway and RNA Polymerase II-Mediated Transcriptional Responses
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Norovirus Replication in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Restricted by the Interferon-Induced JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway and RNA Polymerase II-Mediated Transcriptional Responses

    Noroviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, and yet the challenges associated with their growth in culture have greatly hampered the development of therapeutic approaches and have limited our understanding of the cellular pathways that control infection. Here, we show that human intestinal epithelial cells, which represent the first point of entry of human noroviruses into the host, limit virus replication by induction...

    Myra Hosmillo, Yasmin Chaudhry, Komal Nayak, Frederic Sorgeloos, Bon-Kyoung Koo, Alessandra Merenda, Reidun Lillestol, Lydia Drumright, Matthias Zilbauer, Ian Goodfellow
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Bifidobacterium dentium</span> Fortifies the Intestinal Mucus Layer via Autophagy and Calcium Signaling Pathways
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Bifidobacterium dentium Fortifies the Intestinal Mucus Layer via Autophagy and Calcium Signaling Pathways

    Microbe-host interactions in the intestine occur along the mucus-covered epithelium. In the gastrointestinal tract, mucus is composed of glycan-covered proteins, or mucins, which are secreted by goblet cells to form a protective gel-like structure above the epithelium. Low levels of mucin or alterations in mucin glycans are associated with inflammation and colitis in mice and humans. Although current literature links microbes to the...

    Melinda A. Engevik, Berkley Luk, Alexandra L. Chang-Graham, Anne Hall, Beatrice Herrmann, Wenly Ruan, Bradley T. Endres, Zhongcheng Shi, Kevin W. Garey, Joseph M. Hyser, James Versalovic
  • Open Access
    Editor's Pick Research Article
    Novel Segment- and Host-Specific Patterns of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Adherence to Human Intestinal Enteroids

    EAEC is a leading cause of pediatric bacterial diarrhea and a common cause of diarrhea among travelers and immunocompromised individuals. Heterogeneity in EAEC strains and lack of a good model system are major roadblocks to the understanding of its pathogenesis. Utilizing human intestinal enteroids to study the adherence of EAEC, we demonstrate that unique patterns of adherence are largely driven by unidentified factors present in...

    Anubama Rajan, Lucy Vela, Xi-Lei Zeng, Xiaomin Yu, Noah Shroyer, Sarah E. Blutt, Nina M. Poole, Lily G. Carlin, James P. Nataro, Mary K. Estes, Pablo C. Okhuysen, Anthony W. Maresso
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Microbial Metabolic Networks at the Mucus Layer Lead to Diet-Independent Butyrate and Vitamin B12 Production by Intestinal Symbionts
    Clara Belzer, Loo Wee Chia, Steven Aalvink, Bhawani Chamlagain, Vieno Piironen, Jan Knol, Willem M. de Vos
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