innate immunity
Research ArticleInterferon-Independent Restriction of RNA Virus Entry and Replication by a Class of Damage-Associated Molecular PatternsIn this work, we explored how a class of oxidized lipids, spontaneously created during tissue damage and unprogrammed cell lysis, block the earliest events in RNA virus infection in the human epithelium. This gives us novel insight into the ways that we view infection models, unveiling a built-in mechanism to slow viral growth that neither engages the interferon response nor is subject to known viral antagonism.
Research ArticleAn Infection-Tolerant Mammalian Reservoir for Several Zoonotic Agents Broadly Counters the Inflammatory Effects of EndotoxinAnimals that are natural carriers of pathogens that cause human diseases commonly manifest little or no sickness as a consequence of infection. Examples include the deer mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, which is a reservoir for Lyme disease and several other disease agents in North America, and some types of bats, which are carriers of viruses with pathogenicity for humans...
Research ArticleEnterovirus 2Apro Cleavage of the YTHDF m6A Readers Implicates YTHDF3 as a Mediator of Type I Interferon-Driven JAK/STAT SignalingIt is believed that ∼7,000 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are subject to N6-methyladenosine modification. The biological significance of this remains mysterious.
Research ArticleThe Small t Antigen of JC Virus Antagonizes RIG-I-Mediated Innate Immunity by Inhibiting TRIM25’s RNA Binding AbilityThe innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral pathogens, and in turn, many viruses have evolved strategies to evade detection by the host’s innate immune surveillance machinery. Investigation of the interplay between viruses and the innate immune response provides valuable insight into potential therapeutic targets against viral infectious diseases.
MinireviewDetection of Pathogens and Regulation of Immunity by the Caenorhabditis elegans Nervous SystemAlthough Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model host for studying host-pathogen interactions for more than 20 years, the mechanisms by which it identifies pathogens are not well understood. This is largely due to its lack of most known pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-derived molecules.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyROP16-Mediated Activation of STAT6 Suppresses Host Cell Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Facilitating Type III Toxoplasma gondii Growth and SurvivalToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects up to one-third of the world’s population. Control of the parasite is largely accomplished by IFN-γ-dependent mechanisms that stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyIntracellular Density of Wolbachia Is Mediated by Host Autophagy and the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Gene cifB in a Cell Type-Dependent Manner in Drosophila melanogasterAutophagy is a eukaryotic intracellular degradation pathway which can act as an innate immune response to eliminate pathogens. Conversely, pathogens can evolve proteins which modulate the autophagy pathway to subvert degradation and establish an infection. Wolbachia, a vertically transmitted obligate endosymbiont which infects up to 40% of insect species, is negatively regulated by autophagy in whole animals, but the specific...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyBiogeography of the Relationship between the Child Gut Microbiome and Innate Immune SystemBoth the gut microbiome and innate immunity are known to differ across biogeographically diverse human populations. The gut microbiome has been shown to directly influence systemic immunity in animal models.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyMolecular Dialogues between Early Divergent Fungi and Bacteria in an Antagonism versus a MutualismAnimals and plants interact with microbes by engaging specific surveillance systems, regulatory networks, and response modules that allow for accommodation of mutualists and defense against antagonists. Antimicrobial defense responses are mediated in both animals and plants by innate immunity systems that owe their functional similarities to convergent evolution. Like animals and plants, fungi interact with bacteria. However, the...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyT4 Pili Promote Colonization and Immune Evasion Phenotypes of Nonencapsulated M4 Streptococcus pyogenesGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) is a strict human pathogen causing more than 700 million infections globally each year. The majority of the disease-causing GAS are encapsulated, which greatly guarantees survival and dissemination in the host. Emergence of the capsule-negative GAS, such as M4 GAS, in recent epidemiologic surveillance alarms the necessity to elucidate the virulence determinants of these pathogens. Here, we found that...