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influenza virus

  • Open Access
    Type I Interferon Signaling Is a Common Factor Driving <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span> and Influenza A Virus Shedding and Transmission
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Type I Interferon Signaling Is a Common Factor Driving Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus Shedding and Transmission

    Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of childhood mortality and, globally, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of mortality due to pneumonia. Transmission of S. pneumoniae primarily occurs through direct contact with respiratory secretions, although the host and bacterial...

    Tonia Zangari, Mila B. Ortigoza, Kristen L. Lokken-Toyli, Jeffrey N. Weiser
  • Open Access
    Nonproteolytic K29-Linked Ubiquitination of the PB2 Replication Protein of Influenza A Viruses by Proviral Cullin 4-Based E3 Ligases
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Nonproteolytic K29-Linked Ubiquitination of the PB2 Replication Protein of Influenza A Viruses by Proviral Cullin 4-Based E3 Ligases

    Successful infection by influenza A virus, a pathogen of major public health importance, involves fine regulation of the multiple functions of the viral proteins, which often relies on post-translational modifications (PTMs). The PB2 protein of influenza A viruses is essential for viral replication and a key determinant of host range. While PTMs of PB2 inducing its degradation have been identified, here we show that PB2 undergoes a...

    Marwah Karim, Elise Biquand, Marion Declercq, Yves Jacob, Sylvie van der Werf, Caroline Demeret
  • Open Access
    Influenza Virus Infection Induces a Narrow Antibody Response in Children but a Broad Recall Response in Adults
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Influenza Virus Infection Induces a Narrow Antibody Response in Children but a Broad Recall Response in Adults

    It is known since Thomas Francis, Jr. published his first paper on original antigenic sin in 1960 that the first infection(s) with influenza virus leaves a special immunological imprint which shapes immune responses to future infections with antigenically related influenza virus strains. Imprinting has been implicated in both protective effects as well as blunting of the immune response to vaccines. Despite the fact that this phenomenon...

    Philip Meade, Guillermina Kuan, Shirin Strohmeier, Hannah E. Maier, Fatima Amanat, Angel Balmaseda, Kimihito Ito, Ericka Kirkpatrick, Andres Javier, Lionel Gresh, Raffael Nachbagauer, Aubree Gordon, Florian Krammer
  • Open Access
    Microbial Composition of the Human Nasopharynx Varies According to Influenza Virus Type and Vaccination Status
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Microbial Composition of the Human Nasopharynx Varies According to Influenza Virus Type and Vaccination Status

    Our results suggest that there is a significant association between the composition of the microbiota in the nasopharynx and the influenza virus type causing the infection. We observe that vaccination status, especially in more senior individuals, also has an association with the microbial community profile. This indicates that vaccination against influenza, even when ineffective to prevent disease, could play a role in controlling...

    Tao Ding, Timothy Song, Bin Zhou, Adam Geber, Yixuan Ma, Lingdi Zhang, Michelle Volk, Shashi N. Kapadia, Stephen G. Jenkins, Mirella Salvatore, Elodie Ghedin
  • Open Access
    Observation
    Identification of the I38T PA Substitution as a Resistance Marker for Next-Generation Influenza Virus Endonuclease Inhibitors
    Jeremy C. Jones, Gyanendra Kumar, Subrata Barman, Isabel Najera, Stephen W. White, Richard J. Webby, Elena A. Govorkova
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Pandemic Paradox: Early Life H2N2 Pandemic Influenza Infection Enhanced Susceptibility to Death during the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic
    Alain Gagnon, Enrique Acosta, Stacey Hallman, Robert Bourbeau, Lisa Y. Dillon, Nadine Ouellette, David J. D. Earn, D. Ann Herring, Kris Inwood, Joaquin Madrenas, Matthew S. Miller
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Novel Nonreplicating Vaccinia Virus Vector Enhances Expression of Heterologous Genes and Suppresses Synthesis of Endogenous Viral Proteins

    Vaccines provide an efficient and effective way of preventing infectious diseases. Nevertheless, new and better vaccines are needed. Vaccinia virus, which was used successfully as a live vaccine to eradicate smallpox, has been further attenuated and adapted as a recombinant vector for immunization against other pathogens. However, since the initial description of this vector system, only incremental improvements largely related to...

    Linda S. Wyatt, Wei Xiao, Jeffrey L. Americo, Patricia L. Earl, Bernard Moss
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Analysis of Anti-Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Antibodies in Children, Adults, and the Elderly by ELISA and Enzyme Inhibition: Evidence for Original Antigenic Sin
    Madhusudan Rajendran, Raffael Nachbagauer, Megan E. Ermler, Paul Bunduc, Fatima Amanat, Ruvim Izikson, Manon Cox, Peter Palese, Maryna Eichelberger, Florian Krammer
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