immunology
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionHeterosubtypic Protection Induced by a Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccine Expressing Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose Epitopes in Infected CellsInfluenza A viruses have multiple HA subtypes that are antigenically diverse. Classical influenza virus vaccines are subtype specific, and they cannot induce satisfactory heterosubtypic immunity against multiple influenza virus subtypes. Here, we developed a live attenuated H1N1 influenza virus vaccine that allows the expression of α-Gal epitopes by infected cells. Anti-α-Gal antibody is naturally produced by humans. In the presence of...