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immune evasion

  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> Extends the Life Span of Infected Human Neutrophils by Inducing Cytosolic PCNA and Blocking Activation of Apoptotic Caspases
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Toxoplasma gondii Extends the Life Span of Infected Human Neutrophils by Inducing Cytosolic PCNA and Blocking Activation of Apoptotic Caspases

    Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can cause life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals and in the developing fetus. Interestingly, T. gondii has evolved strategies to successfully manipulate the host immune system to establish a productive infection and...

    Tatiane S. Lima, Sharmila Mallya, Allen Jankeel, Ilhem Messaoudi, Melissa B. Lodoen
  • Open Access
    Hyaluronidase Impairs Neutrophil Function and Promotes Group B <em>Streptococcus</em> Invasion and Preterm Labor in Nonhuman Primates
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Hyaluronidase Impairs Neutrophil Function and Promotes Group B Streptococcus Invasion and Preterm Labor in Nonhuman Primates

    Group B streptococci (GBS) are bacteria that commonly reside in the female lower genital tract as asymptomatic members of the microbiota. However, during pregnancy, GBS can infect tissues at the maternal-fetal interface, leading to preterm birth, stillbirth, or fetal injury.

    Michelle Coleman, Blair Armistead, Austyn Orvis, Phoenicia Quach, Alyssa Brokaw, Claire Gendrin, Kavita Sharma, Jason Ogle, Sean Merillat, Matthew Dacanay, Tsung-Yen Wu, Jeff Munson, Audrey Baldessari, Jay Vornhagen, Anna Furuta, Shayla Nguyen, Kristina M. Adams Waldorf, Lakshmi Rajagopal
  • Open Access
    Phagosomal F-Actin Retention by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus gattii</span> Induces Dendritic Cell Immunoparalysis
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Phagosomal F-Actin Retention by Cryptococcus gattii Induces Dendritic Cell Immunoparalysis

    Cryptococcus yeast species typically display characteristics of opportunistic pathogens, with the exception of C. gattii, which can cause life-threatening respiratory and disseminated brain infections in otherwise healthy people. The pathogenesis of C. gattii is not well understood, but an...

    Khusraw Jamil, Maria J. Polyak, David D. Feehan, Philip Surmanowicz, Danuta Stack, Shu Shun Li, Henry Ogbomo, Michal Olszewski, Anutosh Ganguly, Christopher H. Mody
  • Open Access
    Estimation of Full-Length TprK Diversity in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Treponema pallidum</span> subsp. <em>pallidum</em>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Estimation of Full-Length TprK Diversity in Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum

    Syphilis continues to be a significant public health issue in both low- and high-income countries, including the United States where the rate of syphilis infection has increased over the past 5 years. Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, carries the outer membrane protein TprK that undergoes segmental gene conversion to...

    Amin Addetia, Michelle J. Lin, Quynh Phung, Hong Xie, Meei-Li Huang, Giulia Ciccarese, Ivano Dal Conte, Marco Cusini, Francesco Drago, Lorenzo Giacani, Alexander L. Greninger
  • Open Access
    Epitope Shaving Promotes Fungal Immune Evasion
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Epitope Shaving Promotes Fungal Immune Evasion

    The immune system plays a critical role in protecting us against potentially fatal fungal infections. However, some fungal pathogens have evolved evasion strategies that reduce the efficacy of our immune defenses. Previously, we reported that the fungal pathogen Candida albicans exploits specific host-derived signals (such as lactate and hypoxia) to trigger an immune...

    Delma S. Childers, Gabriela Mol Avelar, Judith M. Bain, Arnab Pradhan, Daniel E. Larcombe, Mihai G. Netea, Lars P. Erwig, Neil A. R. Gow, Alistair J. P. Brown
  • Open Access
    Novel Immunoglobulin Domain Proteins Provide Insights into Evolution and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Related Viruses
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Novel Immunoglobulin Domain Proteins Provide Insights into Evolution and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Related Viruses

    The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic strongly emphasizes the need for a more complete understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of its causative agent SARS-CoV-2. Despite intense scrutiny, several proteins encoded by the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other SARS-like coronaviruses remain enigmatic. Moreover, the high infectivity and severity of SARS-CoV-2 in certain individuals make wet-lab studies currently challenging. In this study, we used...

    Yongjun Tan, Theresa Schneider, Matthew Leong, L. Aravind, Dapeng Zhang
  • Open Access
    Bacterial Pathogens Hijack the Innate Immune Response by Activation of the Reverse Transsulfuration Pathway
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Bacterial Pathogens Hijack the Innate Immune Response by Activation of the Reverse Transsulfuration Pathway

    Macrophages are professional immune cells that ingest and kill microbes. In this study, we show that different pathogenic bacteria induce the expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) in macrophages. This enzyme is involved in a metabolic pathway called the reverse transsulfuration pathway, which leads to the production of numerous metabolites, including cystathionine. Phagocytized bacteria use cystathionine to better survive in...

    Alain P. Gobert, Yvonne L. Latour, Mohammad Asim, Jordan L. Finley, Thomas G. Verriere, Daniel P. Barry, Ginger L. Milne, Paula B. Luis, Claus Schneider, Emilio S. Rivera, Kristie Lindsey-Rose, Kevin L. Schey, Alberto G. Delgado, Johanna C. Sierra, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Keith T. Wilson
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Kingella kingae</span> Surface Polysaccharides Promote Resistance to Neutrophil Phagocytosis and Killing
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Kingella kingae Surface Polysaccharides Promote Resistance to Neutrophil Phagocytosis and Killing

    Kingella kingae is a Gram-negative commensal in the oropharynx and represents a leading cause of joint and bone infections in young children. The mechanisms by which K. kingae evades host innate immunity during pathogenesis of disease remain poorly understood. In this study, we established that the...

    Vanessa L. Muñoz, Eric A. Porsch, Joseph W. St. Geme
  • Open Access
    Trogocytosis by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Entamoeba histolytica</span> Mediates Acquisition and Display of Human Cell Membrane Proteins and Evasion of Lysis by Human Serum
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Trogocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica Mediates Acquisition and Display of Human Cell Membrane Proteins and Evasion of Lysis by Human Serum

    Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis, a potentially fatal diarrheal disease. Abscesses in organs such as the liver can occur when amoebae are able to breach the intestinal wall and travel through the bloodstream to other areas of the body. Therefore, understanding how E. histolytica evades immune...

    Hannah W. Miller, Rene L. Suleiman, Katherine S. Ralston
  • Open Access
    Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Glycan Evolution Follows a Temporal Pattern to a Glycan Limit
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Glycan Evolution Follows a Temporal Pattern to a Glycan Limit

    Frequent mutation of its major antibody target, the glycoprotein hemagglutinin, ensures that the influenza virus is perennially both a rapidly emerging virus and a major threat to public health. One type of mutation escapes immunity by adding a glycan onto an area of hemagglutinin that many antibodies recognize. This study revealed that these glycan changes follow a simple temporal pattern. Every 5 to 7 years, hemagglutinin adds a new...

    Meghan O. Altman, Matthew Angel, Ivan Košík, Nídia S. Trovão, Seth J. Zost, James S. Gibbs, Lorenzo Casalino, Rommie E. Amaro, Scott E. Hensley, Martha I. Nelson, Jonathan W. Yewdell

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