human immunodeficiency virus
Research ArticleCytoplasmic CPSF6 Regulates HIV-1 Capsid Trafficking and Infection in a Cyclophilin A-Dependent MannerHIV is the causative agent of AIDS, which has no cure. The protein shell that encases the viral genome, the capsid, is critical for HIV replication in cells at multiple steps.
Research ArticleEffect of HIV/HAART and Other Clinical Variables on the Oral Mycobiome Using Multivariate AnalysesThe oral microbiome is likely a key element of homeostasis in the oral cavity. With >600 bacterial species and >160 fungal species comprising the oral microbiome, influences on its composition can have an impact on both local and systemic health.
Research ArticleCell-Associated HIV-1 Unspliced-to-Multiply-Spliced RNA Ratio at 12 Weeks of ART Predicts Immune Reconstitution on TherapyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is currently managed by antiretroviral drugs, which block virus replication and promote immune restoration. However, the latter effect is not universal, with a proportion of infected individuals failing to sufficiently reconstitute their immune function despite a successful virological response to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Research ArticleViral Rebound Kinetics Correlate with Distinct HIV Antibody FeaturesPlasma viremia reoccurs in most HIV-infected individuals once antiretroviral therapy is interrupted, and interindividual differences in the kinetics of viral rebound have been associated with virological and immunological factors. Antibody features, including Fc functionality and Fc glycosylation, have been identified as sensitive surrogates for disease activity in multiple diseases.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyElucidating the Antiviral Mechanism of Different MARCH FactorsThis study examines the mechanism utilized by different MARCH proteins to restrict retrovirus infection. MARCH proteins block the incorporation of envelope glycoproteins to the budding virions.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyRanDeL-Seq: a High-Throughput Method to Map Viral cis- and trans-Acting ElementsRecent studies have renewed interest in developing novel antiviral therapeutics and vaccines based on defective interfering particles (DIPs)—a subset of viral deletion mutants that conditionally replicate. Identifying and engineering DIPs require that viral cis- and trans-acting elements be accurately mapped.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyCRNKL1 Is a Highly Selective Regulator of Intron-Retaining HIV-1 and Cellular mRNAsTo regulate its complex splicing pattern, HIV-1 uses the adaptor protein Rev to shuttle unspliced or partially spliced mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the absence of Rev, these RNAs are retained in the nucleus, but it is unclear why.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyMechanistic Analysis of the Broad Antiretroviral Resistance Conferred by HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein MutationsAlthough combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is highly effective in controlling the progression of HIV disease, drug resistance can be a major obstacle. Recent findings suggest that resistance can develop without ARV target gene mutations.
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionPneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Protection against Coronavirus-Associated Pneumonia Hospitalization in Children Living with and without HIVSARS-CoV-2 may cause severe hospitalization, but little is known about the role of secondary bacterial infection in these severe cases, beyond the observation of high levels of reported inflammatory markers, associated with bacterial infection, such as procalcitonin. We did a secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized trial of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) to examine its impact on human coronavirus (CoV) infections before...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyHIV-1 Vpr-Induced Proinflammatory Response and Apoptosis Are Mediated through the Sur1-Trpm4 Channel in AstrocytesEffective antiretroviral therapies can now prolong patients’ lives to nearly normal life span. The current challenge faced by many HIV-infected patients is chronic neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity that contributes to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).