human cytomegalovirus
Research ArticleHuman Cytomegalovirus miR-US25-1 Targets the GTPase RhoA To Inhibit CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Proliferation To Maintain the Latent Viral GenomeEach herpesvirus family establishes latency in a unique cell type. Since herpesviruses genomes are maintained as episomes, the viruses need to devise mechanisms to retain the latent genome during cell division.
Research ArticleHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) Suppresses Virus Replication in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection by Limiting Kynurenine SynthesisViruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), reprogram cellular metabolism using host metabolic regulators to support virus replication. Alternatively, in response to infection, the host can use metabolism to limit virus replication.
Research ArticleExtent of Cytomegalovirus Replication in the Human Host Depends on Variations of the HLA-E/UL40 AxisInfection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is associated with substantial morbidity in immunosuppressed patients and after congenital infections. Therefore, development of a vaccine against HCMV is a main public health priority.
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionResistance to a Nucleoside Analog Antiviral Drug from More Rapid Extension of Drug-Containing PrimersWhile resistance to antiviral drugs can hinder their clinical use, understanding resistance mechanisms can illuminate how these drugs and their targets act. We studied a substitution in the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase that confers resistance to a leading anti-HCMV drug, ganciclovir.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyHuman Cytomegalovirus Envelope Protein gpUL132 Regulates Infectious Virus Production through Formation of the Viral Assembly CompartmentFollowing infection of permissive cells, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces the reorganization of intracellular membranes resulting in the formation of a distinctive membranous compartment in the cytoplasm of infected cells. This compartment has been designated the viral assembly compartment (AC) and is thought to be a site for cytoplasmic virion assembly and envelopment. In this study, we have demonstrated that a single virion...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyAsparagine Deprivation Causes a Reversible Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus Acute Virus ReplicationHCMV accounts for more than 60% of complications associated with solid organ transplant patients. Prophylactic or preventative treatment with antivirals, such as ganciclovir, reduces the occurrence of early onset HCMV disease. However, late onset disease remains a significant problem, and prolonged treatment, especially in patients with suppressed immune systems, greatly increases the risk of antiviral resistance. Very few antivirals...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyHuman Cytomegalovirus US28 Ligand Binding Activity Is Required for Latency in CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Humanized NSG MiceHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can establish latency following infection of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), and reactivation from latency is a significant cause of viral disease and accelerated graft failure in bone marrow and solid-organ transplant patients. The precise molecular mechanisms of HCMV infection in HPCs are not well defined; however, select viral gene products are known to regulate aspects of latency...
- ObservationThe ICP27 Homology Domain of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL69 Adopts a Dimer-of-Dimers Structure
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is widespread in the human population but typically remains dormant in an asymptomatic latent state. HCMV causes disease in neonates and adults with suppressed or impaired immune function, as the virus is activated into a lytic state. All species of herpesvirus express a protein from the ICP27 family which functions as a posttranscriptional activator in the lytic state. In HCMV, this protein is...
- Research ArticleHuman Cytomegalovirus Encodes a Novel FLT3 Receptor Ligand Necessary for Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation and Viral Reactivation
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) represent a critical reservoir of latent HCMV in the transplant population, thereby providing a source of virus for dissemination to visceral organs. HCMV reactivation has been linked to HPC/myeloid cellular differentiation; however, the...