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gut microbiome

  • Open Access
    Biogeography of the Relationship between the Child Gut Microbiome and Innate Immune System
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Biogeography of the Relationship between the Child Gut Microbiome and Innate Immune System

    Both the gut microbiome and innate immunity are known to differ across biogeographically diverse human populations. The gut microbiome has been shown to directly influence systemic immunity in animal models.

    Nelly Amenyogbe, Pedro Dimitriu, Kinga K. Smolen, Eric M. Brown, Casey P. Shannon, Scott J. Tebbutt, Phillip J. Cooper, Arnaud Marchant, Tessa Goetghebuer, Monika Esser, Brett B. Finlay, Tobias R. Kollmann, William W. Mohn
  • Open Access
    Higher-Order Interactions Dampen Pairwise Competition in the Zebrafish Gut Microbiome
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Higher-Order Interactions Dampen Pairwise Competition in the Zebrafish Gut Microbiome

    Understanding the rules governing the composition of the diverse microbial communities that reside in the vertebrate gut environment will enhance our ability to manipulate such communities for therapeutic ends. Synthetic microbial communities, assembled from specific combinations of microbial species in germfree animals, allow investigation of the fundamental question of whether multispecies community composition can be predicted solely...

    Deepika Sundarraman, Edouard A. Hay, Dylan M. Martins, Drew S. Shields, Noah L. Pettinari, Raghuveer Parthasarathy
  • Open Access
    Prebiotics and Community Composition Influence Gas Production of the Human Gut Microbiota
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Prebiotics and Community Composition Influence Gas Production of the Human Gut Microbiota

    Prebiotic fermentation in the gut often leads to the coproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gases. While excess gas production can be a potential problem for those with functional gut disorders, gas production is rarely considered during prebiotic design. In this study, we combined the use of theoretical models and an ex vivo experimental platform to illustrate that both the chemical composition of the prebiotic...

    Xiaoqian Yu, Thomas Gurry, Le Thanh Tu Nguyen, Hunter S. Richardson, Eric J. Alm
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Enterococcus faecalis</span> Enhances Expression and Activity of the Enterohemorrhagic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Escherichia coli</span> Type III Secretion System
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Enterococcus faecalis Enhances Expression and Activity of the Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Type III Secretion System

    This work reveals a complex and multifaceted interaction between a human gut commensal, Enterococcus faecalis, and a pathogen, enterohemorrhagic E. coli. We demonstrate that E. faecalis enhances expression of the enterohemorrhagic...

    Elizabeth A. Cameron, Vanessa Sperandio, Gary M. Dunny
  • Open Access
    Mice Fed an Obesogenic Western Diet, Administered Antibiotics, and Subjected to a Sterile Surgical Procedure Develop Lethal Septicemia with Multidrug-Resistant Pathobionts
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Mice Fed an Obesogenic Western Diet, Administered Antibiotics, and Subjected to a Sterile Surgical Procedure Develop Lethal Septicemia with Multidrug-Resistant Pathobionts

    Obesity remains a prevalent and independent risk factor for life-threatening infection following major surgery. Here, we demonstrate that when mice are fed an obesogenic Western diet (WD), they become susceptible to lethal sepsis with multiple organ damage after exposure to antibiotics and an otherwise-recoverable surgical injury. Analysis of the gut microbiota in this model demonstrates that WD alone leads to loss of Bacteroidetes...

    Sanjiv K. Hyoju, Alexander Zaborin, Robert Keskey, Anukriti Sharma, Wyatt Arnold, Fons van den Berg, Sangman M. Kim, Neil Gottel, Cindy Bethel, Angella Charnot-Katsikas, Peng Jianxin, Carleen Adriaansens, Emily Papazian, Jack A. Gilbert, Olga Zaborina, John C. Alverdy
  • Open Access
    Impact of Individual Traits, Saturated Fat, and Protein Source on the Gut Microbiome
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Impact of Individual Traits, Saturated Fat, and Protein Source on the Gut Microbiome

    The microbiome has proven to influence health and disease, but how combinations of external factors affect the microbiome is relatively unknown. Diet can cause changes, but this is usually achieved by altering macronutrient ratios and has not focused on dietary protein source or saturated fat intake levels. In addition, each individual’s unique microbiome profile can be an important factor during studies, and it has even been shown to...

    Jennifer M. Lang, Calvin Pan, Rita M. Cantor, W. H. Wilson Tang, Jose Carlos Garcia-Garcia, Ira Kurtz, Stanley L. Hazen, Nathalie Bergeron, Ronald M. Krauss, Aldons J. Lusis
  • Open Access
    Gut Microbial and Metabolic Responses to <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Typhimurium and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Candida albicans</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Gut Microbial and Metabolic Responses to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Candida albicans

    The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized for playing a critical role in human health and disease, especially in conferring resistance to both virulent pathogens such as Salmonella, which infects 1.2 million people in the United States every year (E. Scallan, R. M. Hoekstra, F. J. Angulo, R. V. Tauxe, et al., Emerg Infect Dis 17:7–15, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1701....

    Jennifer R. Bratburd, Caitlin Keller, Eugenio Vivas, Erin Gemperline, Lingjun Li, Federico E. Rey, Cameron R. Currie
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Ecophylogenetics Clarifies the Evolutionary Association between Mammals and Their Gut Microbiota

    Our understanding of mammalian evolution has become microbiome-aware. While emerging research links mammalian biodiversity and the gut microbiome, we lack insight into which microbes potentially impact mammalian evolution. Microbes common to diverse mammalian species may be strong candidates, as their absence in the gut may affect how the microbiome functionally contributes to mammalian physiology to adversely affect fitness....

    Christopher A. Gaulke, Holly K. Arnold, Ian R. Humphreys, Steven W. Kembel, James P. O’Dwyer, Thomas J. Sharpton
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome

    This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. To...

    Tanja V. Maier, Marianna Lucio, Lang Ho Lee, Nathan C. VerBerkmoes, Colin J. Brislawn, Jörg Bernhardt, Regina Lamendella, Jason E. McDermott, Nathalie Bergeron, Silke S. Heinzmann, James T. Morton, Antonio González, Gail Ackermann, Rob Knight, Katharina Riedel, Ronald M. Krauss, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Janet K. Jansson
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