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fungus

  • Open Access
    Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Is a Critical Regulator of Neutrophil Responses to <em>Candida</em> Species
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Is a Critical Regulator of Neutrophil Responses to Candida Species

    Neutrophils are recognized to represent significant immune cell mediators for the clearance and elimination of the human-pathogenic fungal pathogen Candida. The sensing of fungi by innate cells is performed, in part, through lectin receptor recognition of cell wall components and downstream cellular activation by signaling components, including spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). While the essential role of Syk in macrophages and...

    Paige E. Negoro, Shuying Xu, Zeina Dagher, Alex Hopke, Jennifer L. Reedy, Michael B. Feldman, Nida S. Khan, Adam L. Viens, Natalie J. Alexander, Natalie J. Atallah, Allison K. Scherer, Richard A. Dutko, Jane Jeffery, John F. Kernien, J. Scott Fites, Jeniel E. Nett, Bruce S. Klein, Jatin M. Vyas, Daniel Irimia, David B. Sykes, Michael K. Mansour
  • Open Access
    Fluconazole Monotherapy Is a Suboptimal Option for Initial Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis Because of Emergence of Resistance
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Fluconazole Monotherapy Is a Suboptimal Option for Initial Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis Because of Emergence of Resistance

    Cryptococcal meningitis is a lethal disease with few treatment options. The incidence remains high and intricately linked with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In many parts of the world, fluconazole is the only agent that is available for the initial treatment of cryptococcal meningitis despite considerable evidence that it is associated with suboptimal microbiological and clinical outcomes. Fluconazole has a fungistatic mode of action: it...

    William Hope, Neil R. H. Stone, Adam Johnson, Laura McEntee, Nicola Farrington, Anahi Santoro-Castelazo, Xuan Liu, Anita Lucaci, Margaret Hughes, Jason D. Oliver, Charles Giamberardino, Sayoki Mfinanga, Thomas S. Harrison, John R. Perfect, Tihana Bicanic
  • Open Access
    On the Emergence of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span>: Climate Change, Azoles, Swamps, and Birds
    Opinion/Hypothesis | Host-Microbe Biology
    On the Emergence of Candida auris: Climate Change, Azoles, Swamps, and Birds

    The most enigmatic aspect of the rise of Candida auris as a human pathogen is that it emerged simultaneously on three continents, with each clade being genetically distinct. Although new pathogenic fungal species are described regularly, these are mostly species associated with single cases in individuals who are immunosuppressed.

    Arturo Casadevall, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Vincent Robert
  • Open Access
    Identification of Pathogen Genomic Differences That Impact Human Immune Response and Disease during <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus neoformans</span> Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Identification of Pathogen Genomic Differences That Impact Human Immune Response and Disease during Cryptococcus neoformans Infection

    Even with the best available care, mortality rates in cryptococcal meningitis range from 20% to 60%. Disease is often due to infection by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans and involves a complex interaction between the human host and the fungal pathogen. Although previous studies have suggested genetic differences in the pathogen impact human disease, it has proven...

    Aleeza C. Gerstein, Katrina M. Jackson, Tami R. McDonald, Yina Wang, Benjamin D. Lueck, Sara Bohjanen, Kyle D. Smith, Andrew Akampurira, David B. Meya, Chaoyang Xue, David R. Boulware, Kirsten Nielsen
  • Open Access
    Efficacy of Oral Encochleated Amphotericin B in a Mouse Model of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Efficacy of Oral Encochleated Amphotericin B in a Mouse Model of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis

    Cryptococcus neoformans is a significant global fungal pathogen that kills an estimated quarter of a million HIV-infected individuals yearly and has poor outcomes despite therapy. The most effective therapy, amphotericin B, is highly effective in killing the fungus but is available only in highly toxic, intravenous formulations that are unavailable in most of the...

    R. Lu, C. Hollingsworth, J. Qiu, A. Wang, E. Hughes, X. Xin, K. M. Konrath, W. Elsegeiny, Yoon-Dong Park, L. Atakulu, J. C. Craft, E. C. Tramont, R. Mannino, P. R. Williamson
  • Open Access
    In Fungal Intracellular Pathogenesis, Form Determines Fate
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    In Fungal Intracellular Pathogenesis, Form Determines Fate

    For pathogenic microbes to survive ingestion by macrophages, they must subvert powerful microbicidal mechanisms within the phagolysosome. After ingestion, Candida albicans undergoes a morphological transition producing hyphae, while the surrounding phagosome exhibits a loss of phagosomal acidity.

    Robin C. May, Arturo Casadevall
  • Open Access
    Editor's Pick Research Article
    Novel Partitivirus Enhances Virulence of and Causes Aberrant Gene Expression in Talaromyces marneffei

    Talaromyces marneffei (formerly Penicillium marneffei) is the most important thermal dimorphic fungus in Southeast Asia, causing highly fatal systemic penicilliosis in HIV-infected and immunocompromised patients. We discovered a novel mycovirus, TmPV1, in seven clinical isolates of...

    Susanna K. P. Lau, George C. S. Lo, Franklin W. N. Chow, Rachel Y. Y. Fan, James J. Cai, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Patrick C. Y. Woo
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