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fungi

  • Open Access
    Conidial Melanin of the Human-Pathogenic Fungus <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span> Disrupts Cell Autonomous Defenses in Amoebae
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Conidial Melanin of the Human-Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus Disrupts Cell Autonomous Defenses in Amoebae

    Infections with Aspergillus fumigatus are usually acquired by an inhalation of spores from environmental sources. How spores of a saprophytic fungus have acquired abilities to withstand and escape the phagocytic attacks of innate immune cells is not understood. The fungal surface pigment dihydroxynaphtalene-melanin has been shown to be a crucial factor for the delay...

    Iuliia Ferling, Joe Dan Dunn, Alexander Ferling, Thierry Soldati, Falk Hillmann
  • Open Access
    The Proteasome Governs Fungal Morphogenesis via Functional Connections with Hsp90 and cAMP-Protein Kinase A Signaling
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The Proteasome Governs Fungal Morphogenesis via Functional Connections with Hsp90 and cAMP-Protein Kinase A Signaling

    Fungi cause life-threatening infections and pose a serious threat to human health as there are very few effective antifungal drugs. Candida albicans is a major human fungal pathogen and cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. A key trait that enables C. albicans virulence...

    Saif Hossain, Amanda O. Veri, Leah E. Cowen
  • Open Access
    Human Neutrophils Produce Antifungal Extracellular Vesicles against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Human Neutrophils Produce Antifungal Extracellular Vesicles against Aspergillus fumigatus

    Invasive fungal infections caused by the mold Aspergillus fumigatus are a growing concern in the clinic due to the increasing use of immunosuppressive therapies and increasing antifungal drug resistance. These infections result in high rates of mortality, as treatment and diagnostic options remain limited. In healthy individuals, neutrophilic granulocytes are critical...

    Iordana A. Shopova, Ivan Belyaev, Prasad Dasari, Susanne Jahreis, Maria C. Stroe, Zoltán Cseresnyés, Ann-Kathrin Zimmermann, Anna Medyukhina, Carl-Magnus Svensson, Thomas Krüger, Viktòria Szeifert, Sandor Nietzsche, Theresia Conrad, Matthew G. Blango, Olaf Kniemeyer, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Peter F. Zipfel, Erzsébet Ligeti, Marc Thilo Figge, Axel A. Brakhage
  • Open Access
    Time after Time: Temporal Variation in the Effects of Grass and Forb Species on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Time after Time: Temporal Variation in the Effects of Grass and Forb Species on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities

    Our findings highlight how soil fungal and bacterial communities respond to time, season, and plant species identity. We found that succession shapes the soil bacterial community, while plant species and the type of plant species that grows in the soil drive the assembly of soil fungal communities. Future research on the effects of plants on soil microbes should take into consideration the relative roles of both time and plant growth on...

    S. Emilia Hannula, Anna M. Kielak, Katja Steinauer, Martine Huberty, Renske Jongen, Jonathan R. De Long, Robin Heinen, T. Martijn Bezemer
  • Open Access
    A Mechanosensitive Channel Governs Lipid Flippase-Mediated Echinocandin Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus neoformans</span>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    A Mechanosensitive Channel Governs Lipid Flippase-Mediated Echinocandin Resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans

    Cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of fungal meningitis, accounting for ∼15% of HIV/AIDS-related deaths, but treatment options for cryptococcosis are limited. Echinocandins are the newest fungicidal drug class introduced but are ineffective in treating cryptococcosis. Our previous study identified the lipid flippase subunit Cdc50 as a contributor to...

    Chengjun Cao, Yina Wang, Seema Husain, Patricia Soteropoulos, Chaoyang Xue
  • Open Access
    Antibiotics and Host-Tailored Probiotics Similarly Modulate Effects on the Developing Avian Microbiome, Mycobiome, and Host Gene Expression
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Antibiotics and Host-Tailored Probiotics Similarly Modulate Effects on the Developing Avian Microbiome, Mycobiome, and Host Gene Expression

    Alternative approaches are greatly needed to reduce the need for antibiotic use in food animal production. This study utilized a pipeline for the development of a host-tailored probiotic to enhance performance in commercial turkeys and modulate their microbiota, similar to the effects of low-dose antibiotic administration. We determined that a host-tailored probiotic, developed in the context of the commercial turkey gut microbiome, was...

    Tonya L. Ward, Bonnie P. Weber, Kristelle M. Mendoza, Jessica L. Danzeisen, Katharine Llop, Kevin Lang, Jonathan B. Clayton, Elicia Grace, Jeanine Brannon, Igor Radovic, Mai Beauclaire, Timothy J. Heisel, Dan Knights, Carol Cardona, Mike Kogut, Casey Johnson, Sally L. Noll, Ryan Arsenault, Kent M. Reed, Timothy J. Johnson
  • Open Access
    Unique, Diverged, and Conserved Mitochondrial Functions Influencing <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida albicans</span> Respiration
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Unique, Diverged, and Conserved Mitochondrial Functions Influencing Candida albicans Respiration

    Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of major clinical concern. The virulence of this pathogen is intimately intertwined with its metabolic behavior, and mitochondria have a central role in that metabolism. Mitochondria have undergone many evolutionary changes, which include lineage-specific adaptations in association with their eukaryotic host. Seven...

    Nuo Sun, Rebecca S. Parrish, Richard A. Calderone, William A. Fonzi
  • Open Access
    Genetic and Genomic Analyses Reveal Boundaries between Species Closely Related to <em>Cryptococcus</em> Pathogens
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Genetic and Genomic Analyses Reveal Boundaries between Species Closely Related to Cryptococcus Pathogens

    The evolutionary drivers of speciation are critical to our understanding of how new pathogens arise from nonpathogenic lineages and adapt to new environments. Here we focus on the Cryptococcus amylolentus species complex, a nonpathogenic fungal lineage closely related to the human-pathogenic Cryptococcus...

    Andrew Ryan Passer, Marco A. Coelho, Robert Blake Billmyre, Minou Nowrousian, Moritz Mittelbach, Andrey M. Yurkov, Anna Floyd Averette, Christina A. Cuomo, Sheng Sun, Joseph Heitman
  • Open Access
    A DNase from a Fungal Phytopathogen Is a Virulence Factor Likely Deployed as Counter Defense against Host-Secreted Extracellular DNA
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A DNase from a Fungal Phytopathogen Is a Virulence Factor Likely Deployed as Counter Defense against Host-Secreted Extracellular DNA

    We document that the absence of a single gene encoding a DNase in a fungal plant pathogen results in significantly reduced virulence to a plant host. We compared a wild-type strain of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus and an isogenic mutant lacking a candidate secreted DNase-encoding gene and demonstrated that the mutant is reduced in virulence on leaves...

    Hee-Jin Park, Weiwei Wang, Gilberto Curlango-Rivera, Zhongguo Xiong, Zeran Lin, David A. Huskey, Martha C. Hawes, Hans D. VanEtten, B. Gillian Turgeon
  • Open Access
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Multifunctional Fungal Ergosterol

    The roles of ergosterol in the regulation of membrane fluidity and structure, as well its role as a target for the activity of antifungals, have been known for decades. Two recent studies, however, demonstrated that ergosterol is an immunologically active lipid that induces pyroptosis and that virtually all steps of its biosynthetic process are potential drug targets.

    Marcio L. Rodrigues

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