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extracellular vesicles

  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus neoformans</span><em>-</em>Infected Macrophages Release Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicles: Insight into Their Components by Multi-omics
    Research Article
    Cryptococcus neoformans-Infected Macrophages Release Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicles: Insight into Their Components by Multi-omics

    Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningitis, which is frequent in patients with HIV/AIDS, especially in less-developed countries. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis is close to 1 million each year globally.

    Lei Zhang, Keming Zhang, Hang Li, Carolina Coelho, Diego de Souza Gonçalves, Man Shun Fu, Xinhua Li, Ernesto S. Nakayasu, Young-Mo Kim, Wanqing Liao, Weihua Pan, Arturo Casadevall
  • Open Access
    Phytotoxic Tryptoquialanines Produced <em>In Vivo</em> by <em>Penicillium digitatum</em> Are Exported in Extracellular Vesicles
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Phytotoxic Tryptoquialanines Produced In Vivo by Penicillium digitatum Are Exported in Extracellular Vesicles

    During the postharvest period, citrus fruits can be affected by phytopathogens such as Penicillium digitatum, which causes green mold disease and is responsible for up to 90% of total citrus losses. Chemical fungicides are widely used to prevent green mold disease, leading to concerns about environmental and health risks.

    Jonas Henrique Costa, Jaqueline Moraes Bazioli, Luidy Darllan Barbosa, Pedro Luis Theodoro dos Santos Júnior, Flavia C. G. Reis, Tabata Klimeck, Camila Manoel Crnkovic, Roberto G. S. Berlinck, Alessandra Sussulini, Marcio L. Rodrigues, Taícia Pacheco Fill
  • Open Access
    Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Promotes Syntenin-1- and Hrs-Induced Extracellular Vesicle Formation for Its Own Secretion To Increase Cell Proliferation and Migration
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Promotes Syntenin-1- and Hrs-Induced Extracellular Vesicle Formation for Its Own Secretion To Increase Cell Proliferation and Migration

    LMP1 is a notable viral protein that contributes to the modification of EV content and tumor microenvironment remodeling. LMP1-modified EVs enhance tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion potential and promote radioresistance. Currently, the mechanisms surrounding LMP1 incorporation into the host EV pathways are not well understood. This study revealed that LMP1 utilizes Hrs, Syntenin-1, and specific components of the ESCRT-III...

    Dingani Nkosi, Li Sun, Leanne C. Duke, Nilkumar Patel, Sunil K. Surapaneni, Mandip Singh, David G. Meckes
  • Open Access
    Inhibition of HIV Replication by Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein Targeting the Lipid Rafts
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Inhibition of HIV Replication by Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein Targeting the Lipid Rafts

    Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) is a recently identified innate anti-inflammatory factor. Here, we show that AIBP inhibited HIV replication by targeting lipid rafts and reducing virus-cell fusion. Importantly, AIBP selectively reduced levels of rafts on cells stimulated by an inflammatory stimulus or treated with extracellular vesicles containing HIV-1 protein Nef without affecting rafts on nonactivated cells. Accordingly,...

    Larisa Dubrovsky, Adam Ward, Soo-Ho Choi, Tatiana Pushkarsky, Beda Brichacek, Christophe Vanpouille, Alexei A. Adzhubei, Nigora Mukhamedova, Dmitri Sviridov, Leonid Margolis, Richard B. Jones, Yury I. Miller, Michael Bukrinsky
  • Open Access
    <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> Glucuronoxylomannan and Sterylglucoside Are Required for Host Protection in an Animal Vaccination Model
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Cryptococcus neoformans Glucuronoxylomannan and Sterylglucoside Are Required for Host Protection in an Animal Vaccination Model

    The number of deaths from cryptococcal meningitis is around 180,000 per year. The disease is the second leading cause of mortality among individuals with AIDS. Antifungal treatment is costly and associated with adverse effects and resistance, evidencing the urgency of development of both therapeutic and prophylactic tools. Here we demonstrate the key roles of polysaccharide- and glycolipid-containing structures in a vaccination model to...

    Ana Caroline Colombo, Antonella Rella, Tyler Normile, Luna S. Joffe, Patricia M. Tavares, Glauber R. de S. Araújo, Susana Frases, Erika P. Orner, Amir M. Farnoud, Bettina C. Fries, Brian Sheridan, Leonardo Nimrichter, Marcio L. Rodrigues, Maurizio Del Poeta
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Induction of HIF-1α by HIV-1 Infection in CD4+ T Cells Promotes Viral Replication and Drives Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Inflammation

    Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a very important global pathogen that preferentially targets CD4+ T cells and causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. Although antiretroviral treatment efficiently suppresses viremia, markers of immune activation and inflammation remain higher in HIV-1-infected patients than in uninfected individuals. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a...

    Gabriel Duette, Pehuen Pereyra Gerber, Julia Rubione, Paula S. Perez, Alan L. Landay, Suzanne M. Crowe, Zhaohao Liao, Kenneth W. Witwer, María Pía Holgado, Jimena Salido, Jorge Geffner, Omar Sued, Clovis S. Palmer, Matias Ostrowski
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Immunomodulatory Effects of Pneumococcal Extracellular Vesicles on Cellular and Humoral Host Defenses

    Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, being the major cause of milder respiratory tract infections such as otitis and sinusitis and of severe infections such as community-acquired pneumonia, with or without septicemia, and meningitis. More knowledge is needed on how pneumococci interact with the host, deliver virulence...

    Mario Codemo, Sandra Muschiol, Federico Iovino, Priyanka Nannapaneni, Laura Plant, Sun Nyunt Wai, Birgitta Henriques-Normark
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Nef Secretion into Extracellular Vesicles or Exosomes Is Conserved across Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses

    Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer biologically active materials from one cell to another, either within the adjacent microenvironment or further removed. EVs also package viral RNAs, microRNAs, and proteins, which contributes to the pathophysiology of infection. In this report, we show that both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) incorporate the virus-encoded Nef protein into EVs, including...

    Ryan P. McNamara, Lindsey M. Costantini, T. Alix Myers, Blake Schouest, Nicholas J. Maness, Jack D. Griffith, Blossom A. Damania, Andrew G. MacLean, Dirk P. Dittmer
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