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diversity

  • Open Access
    Prions from Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Patients Propagate as Strain Mixtures
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Prions from Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Patients Propagate as Strain Mixtures

    sCJD occurrence is currently assumed to result from spontaneous and stochastic formation of a misfolded PrP nucleus in the brains of affected patients. This original nucleus then recruits and converts nascent PrPC into PrPSc, leading to the propagation of prions in the patient’s brain. Our study demonstrates the coexistence of two prion strains in the brains of a majority of the 23 sCJD patients investigated. The...

    Hervé Cassard, Alvina Huor, Juan-Carlos Espinosa, Jean-Yves Douet, Severine Lugan, Naima Aron, Didier Vilette, Marie-Bernadette Delisle, Alba Marín-Moreno, Patrice Peran, Vincent Beringue, Juan Maria Torres, James W. Ironside, Olivier Andreoletti
  • Open Access
    Impact of Individual Traits, Saturated Fat, and Protein Source on the Gut Microbiome
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Impact of Individual Traits, Saturated Fat, and Protein Source on the Gut Microbiome

    The microbiome has proven to influence health and disease, but how combinations of external factors affect the microbiome is relatively unknown. Diet can cause changes, but this is usually achieved by altering macronutrient ratios and has not focused on dietary protein source or saturated fat intake levels. In addition, each individual’s unique microbiome profile can be an important factor during studies, and it has even been shown to...

    Jennifer M. Lang, Calvin Pan, Rita M. Cantor, W. H. Wilson Tang, Jose Carlos Garcia-Garcia, Ira Kurtz, Stanley L. Hazen, Nathalie Bergeron, Ronald M. Krauss, Aldons J. Lusis
  • Open Access
    Structural and Nonstructural Genes Contribute to the Genetic Diversity of RNA Viruses
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Structural and Nonstructural Genes Contribute to the Genetic Diversity of RNA Viruses

    With the advent of advanced sequencing technology, studies of RNA viruses have shown that genetic diversity can contribute to both attenuation and virulence and the paradigm is that this is controlled by the error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Since wild-type yellow fever virus (YFV) strain Asibi has genetic diversity typical of a wild-type RNA virus, while 17D virus vaccine has limited diversity, it provides a unique...

    Natalie D. Collins, Andrew S. Beck, Steven G. Widen, Thomas G. Wood, Stephen Higgs, Alan D. T. Barrett
  • Open Access
    Perspective
    Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance

    The alpha diversity of ecologic communities is affected by many biotic and abiotic drivers and, in turn, affects ecosystem functioning. Yet, patterns of alpha diversity in host-associated microbial communities (microbiomes) are poorly studied and the appropriateness of general theory is untested.

    Aspen T. Reese, Robert R. Dunn
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