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Cryptococcus neoformans

  • Open Access
    Commentary
    Immune-Mediated Damage Completes the Parabola: Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis Can Reflect the Outcome of a Weak or Strong Immune Response
    Liise-anne Pirofski, Arturo Casadevall
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Vaccination with Recombinant Cryptococcus Proteins in Glucan Particles Protects Mice against Cryptococcosis in a Manner Dependent upon Mouse Strain and Cryptococcal Species

    The encapsulated fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are responsible for nearly 200,000 deaths annually, mostly in immunocompromised individuals. An effective vaccine could substantially reduce the burden of cryptococcosis. However, a major gap in cryptococcal vaccine development has been the discovery of protective antigens to use in vaccines. Here, six cryptococcal proteins with potential as vaccine...

    Charles A. Specht, Chrono K. Lee, Haibin Huang, Maureen M. Hester, Jianhua Liu, Bridget A. Luckie, Melanie A. Torres Santana, Zeynep Mirza, Payam Khoshkenar, Ambily Abraham, Zu T. Shen, Jennifer K. Lodge, Ali Akalin, Jane Homan, Gary R. Ostroff, Stuart M. Levitz
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    CD4+ T Cells Orchestrate Lethal Immune Pathology despite Fungal Clearance during Cryptococcus neoformans Meningoencephalitis
    Lori M. Neal, Enze Xing, Jintao Xu, Jessica L. Kolbe, John J. Osterholzer, Benjamin M. Segal, Peter R. Williamson, Michal A. Olszewski
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Cryptococcus neoformans Iron-Sulfur Protein Biogenesis Machinery Is a Novel Layer of Protection against Cu Stress

    C. neoformans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes lethal meningitis in over 650,000 people annually. The severity of C. neoformans infections is further compounded by the use of toxic or poorly effective systemic antifungal agents as well as by the difficulty of diagnosis. Cu is a natural potent antimicrobial agent that is compartmentalized within the macrophage phagosome and used by innate immune cells to...

    Sarela Garcia-Santamarina, Marta A. Uzarska, Richard A. Festa, Roland Lill, Dennis J. Thiele
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Disarming Fungal Pathogens: Bacillus safensis Inhibits Virulence Factor Production and Biofilm Formation by Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans

    Pathogenic fungi are estimated to contribute to as many human deaths as tuberculosis or malaria. Two of the most common fungal pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, account for up to 1.4 million infections per year with very high mortality rates. Few antifungal drugs are available for treatment, and development of novel therapies is complicated by the need for pathogen-specific targets. Therefore,...

    François L. Mayer, James W. Kronstad
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Mismatch Repair of DNA Replication Errors Contributes to Microevolution in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans
    Kylie J. Boyce, Yina Wang, Surbhi Verma, Viplendra P. S. Shakya, Chaoyang Xue, Alexander Idnurm
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Microevolution of Serial Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and C. gattii

    Opportunistic infections caused by species of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus lead to chronic meningoencephalitis and continue to ravage thousands of patients with HIV/AIDS. Despite receiving antifungal treatment, over 10% of patients develop recurrent disease. In this study, we collected isolates of Cryptococcus from cerebrospinal fluid specimens of 18 patients at the time of their diagnosis and when they relapsed...

    Yuan Chen, Rhys A. Farrer, Charles Giamberardino, Sharadha Sakthikumar, Alexander Jones, Timothy Yang, Jennifer L. Tenor, Omar Wagih, Marelize Van Wyk, Nelesh P. Govender, Thomas G. Mitchell, Anastasia P. Litvintseva, Christina A. Cuomo, John R. Perfect
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Rim Pathway-Mediated Alterations in the Fungal Cell Wall Influence Immune Recognition and Inflammation

    Infectious microorganisms have developed many ways to avoid recognition by the host immune system. For example, pathogenic fungi alter their cell surfaces to mask immunogenic epitopes. We have created a fungal strain with a targeted mutation in a pH response pathway that is unable to properly organize its cell wall, resulting in a dramatic immune reaction during infection. This mutant cell wall is defective in hiding important cell wall...

    Kyla S. Ost, Shannon K. Esher, Chrissy M. Leopold Wager, Louise Walker, Jeanette Wagener, Carol Munro, Floyd L. Wormley, J. Andrew Alspaugh
  • Open Access
    Research Article
    Trojan Horse Transit Contributes to Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing of a Eukaryotic Pathogen
    Felipe H. Santiago-Tirado, Michael D. Onken, John A. Cooper, Robyn S. Klein, Tamara L. Doering

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