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biofilm

  • Open Access
    A Heterogeneously Expressed Gene Family Modulates the Biofilm Architecture and Hypoxic Growth of <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A Heterogeneously Expressed Gene Family Modulates the Biofilm Architecture and Hypoxic Growth of Aspergillus fumigatus

    The manipulation of microbial biofilms in industrial and clinical applications remains a difficult task. The problem is particularly acute with regard to filamentous fungal biofilms for which molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation, maintenance, and function are only just being elucidated.

    Caitlin H. Kowalski, Kaesi A. Morelli, Jason E. Stajich, Carey D. Nadell, Robert A. Cramer
  • Open Access
    Light Signaling Regulates <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus niger</span> Biofilm Formation by Affecting Melanin and Extracellular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Light Signaling Regulates Aspergillus niger Biofilm Formation by Affecting Melanin and Extracellular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis

    As an important industrial filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger can perceive light. The link between light signaling and A. niger biofilm is worthy of further study since reports are lacking in this area.

    Wenjun Sun, Ying Yu, Jiao Chen, Bin Yu, Tianpeng Chen, Hanjie Ying, Shengmin Zhou, Pingkai Ouyang, Dong Liu, Yong Chen
  • Open Access
    Flagellar Perturbations Activate Adhesion through Two Distinct Pathways in <em>Caulobacter crescentus</em>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Flagellar Perturbations Activate Adhesion through Two Distinct Pathways in Caulobacter crescentus

    Understanding how bacteria colonize solid surfaces is of significant clinical, industrial and ecological importance. In this study, we identified genes that are required for Caulobacter crescentus to activate surface attachment in response to signals from a macromolecular machine called the flagellum.

    David M. Hershey, Aretha Fiebig, Sean Crosson
  • Open Access
    <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> Uses c-di-GMP Phosphodiesterases RmcA and MorA To Regulate Biofilm Maintenance
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa Uses c-di-GMP Phosphodiesterases RmcA and MorA To Regulate Biofilm Maintenance

    Recent advances in our understanding of c-di-GMP signaling have provided key insights into the regulation of biofilms. Despite an improved understanding of how biofilms initially form, the processes that facilitate the long-term maintenance of these multicellular communities remain opaque.

    S. Katharios-Lanwermeyer, G. B. Whitfield, P. L. Howell, G. A. O’Toole
  • Open Access
    The Transcription Factor SomA Synchronously Regulates Biofilm Formation and Cell Wall Homeostasis in <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The Transcription Factor SomA Synchronously Regulates Biofilm Formation and Cell Wall Homeostasis in Aspergillus fumigatus

    The cell wall is essential for fungal viability and is absent from human hosts; thus, drugs disrupting cell wall biosynthesis have gained more attention. Caspofungin is a member of a new class of clinically approved echinocandin drugs to treat invasive aspergillosis by blocking β-1,3-glucan synthase, thus damaging the fungal cell wall. Here, we demonstrate that caspofungin and other cell wall stressors can induce galactosaminogalactan (...

    Yuan Chen, Francois Le Mauff, Yan Wang, Ruiyang Lu, Donald C. Sheppard, Ling Lu, Shizhu Zhang
  • Open Access
    Micron Scale Spatial Measurement of the O<sub>2</sub> Gradient Surrounding a Bacterial Biofilm in Real Time
    Observation | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Micron Scale Spatial Measurement of the O2 Gradient Surrounding a Bacterial Biofilm in Real Time

    O2 is a fundamental environmental metabolite that affects all life on earth. While toxic to many microbes and obligately required by others, those that have appropriate physiological responses survive and can even benefit from various levels of O2, particularly in biofilm communities. Although most studies have focused on measuring O2 within biofilms, little is known about O2 gradients...

    Alexander D. Klementiev, Zhaoyu Jin, Marvin Whiteley
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> ATP Synthase Promotes Biofilm Persistence by Influencing Innate Immunity
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Staphylococcus aureus ATP Synthase Promotes Biofilm Persistence by Influencing Innate Immunity

    Medical device-associated biofilm infections are a therapeutic challenge based on their antibiotic tolerance and ability to evade immune-mediated clearance. The virulence determinants responsible for bacterial biofilm to induce a maladaptive immune response remain largely unknown. This study identified a critical role for S. aureus ATP synthase in influencing the host...

    Megan E. Bosch, Blake P. Bertrand, Cortney E. Heim, Abdulelah A. Alqarzaee, Sujata S. Chaudhari, Amy L. Aldrich, Paul D. Fey, Vinai C. Thomas, Tammy Kielian
  • Open Access
    Phase Transitions by an Abundant Protein in the Anammox Extracellular Matrix Mediate Cell-to-Cell Aggregation and Biofilm Formation
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Phase Transitions by an Abundant Protein in the Anammox Extracellular Matrix Mediate Cell-to-Cell Aggregation and Biofilm Formation

    By employing biophysical and liquid-liquid phase separation concepts, this study revealed how a highly abundant extracellular protein enhances the key environmental and industrial bioprocess of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Extracellular proteins of environmental biofilms are understudied and poorly annotated in public databases. Understanding the function of extracellular proteins is also increasingly important for improving...

    Thomas Seviour, Lan Li Wong, Yang Lu, Sudarsan Mugunthan, Qiaohui Yang, Uma Shankari, Irina Bessarab, David Liebl, Rohan B. H. Williams, Yingyu Law, Staffan Kjelleberg
  • Open Access
    Phenotypic Parallelism during Experimental Adaptation of a Free-Living Bacterium to the Zebrafish Gut
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Phenotypic Parallelism during Experimental Adaptation of a Free-Living Bacterium to the Zebrafish Gut

    Although animals encounter many bacterial species throughout their lives, only a subset colonize vertebrate digestive tracts, and these bacteria can profoundly influence the health and development of their animal hosts. We used experimental evolution to study a free-living bacterium as it adapts to a novel vertebrate host by serially passaging replicate populations of ...

    Jarrett F. Lebov, Brandon H. Schlomann, Catherine D. Robinson, Brendan J. M. Bohannan
  • Open Access
    Capsular Polysaccharide Cross-Regulation Modulates <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</span> Biofilm Formation
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Capsular Polysaccharide Cross-Regulation Modulates Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Biofilm Formation

    The human gut harbors a complex bacterial community that plays important roles in host health and disease, including nutrient acquisition, maturation of the immune system, and resistance to infections. The capacity to adhere to surfaces and form communities called biofilms is believed to be important for niche colonization and maintenance of gut bacteria. However, little is known about the adhesion capacity of most gut bacteria. In this...

    Nathalie Béchon, Jovana Mihajlovic, Sol Vendrell-Fernández, Florian Chain, Philippe Langella, Christophe Beloin, Jean-Marc Ghigo

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