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bacteriophages

  • Open Access
    Cooperation between Different CRISPR-Cas Types Enables Adaptation in an RNA-Targeting System
    Research Article
    Cooperation between Different CRISPR-Cas Types Enables Adaptation in an RNA-Targeting System

    CRISPR-Cas systems are immune systems that protect bacteria and archaea against their viruses, bacteriophages. Immunity is achieved through the acquisition of short DNA fragments from the viral invader’s genome.

    Ville Hoikkala, Janne Ravantti, César Díez-Villaseñor, Marja Tiirola, Rachel A. Conrad, Mark J. McBride, Sylvain Moineau, Lotta-Riina Sundberg
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium abscessus</span> Strain Morphotype Determines Phage Susceptibility, the Repertoire of Therapeutically Useful Phages, and Phage Resistance
    Research Article
    Mycobacterium abscessus Strain Morphotype Determines Phage Susceptibility, the Repertoire of Therapeutically Useful Phages, and Phage Resistance

    Mycobacterium abscessus infections in cystic fibrosis patients are challenging to treat due to widespread antibiotic resistance. The therapeutic use of lytic bacteriophages presents a new potential strategy, but the great variation among clinical M. abscessus isolates demands determination of phage...

    Rebekah M. Dedrick, Bailey E. Smith, Rebecca A. Garlena, Daniel A. Russell, Haley G. Aull, Vaishnavi Mahalingam, Ashley M. Divens, Carlos A. Guerrero-Bustamante, Kira M. Zack, Lawrence Abad, Christian H. Gauthier, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Graham F. Hatfull
  • Open Access
    The Prophage and Plasmid Mobilome as a Likely Driver of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium abscessus</span> Diversity
    Research Article
    The Prophage and Plasmid Mobilome as a Likely Driver of Mycobacterium abscessus Diversity

    Mycobacterium abscessus is an important emerging pathogen that is challenging to treat with current antibiotic regimens. There is substantial genomic variation in M. abscessus clinical isolates, but little is known about how this influences pathogenicity and in vivo growth.

    ...
    Rebekah M. Dedrick, Haley G. Aull, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Rebecca A. Garlena, Daniel A. Russell, Bailey E. Smith, Vaishnavi Mahalingam, Lawrence Abad, Christian H. Gauthier, Graham F. Hatfull
  • Open Access
    Targeting of Mammalian Glycans Enhances Phage Predation in the Gastrointestinal Tract
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Targeting of Mammalian Glycans Enhances Phage Predation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

    Invasive pathobionts or microbes capable of causing disease can reside deep within the mucosal epithelium of our gastrointestinal tract. Targeted effective antibacterial therapies are needed to combat these disease-causing organisms, many of which may be multidrug resistant.

    Sabrina I. Green, Carmen Gu Liu, Xue Yu, Shelley Gibson, Wilhem Salmen, Anubama Rajan, Hannah E. Carter, Justin R. Clark, Xuezheng Song, Robert F. Ramig, Barbara W. Trautner, Heidi B. Kaplan, Anthony W. Maresso
  • Open Access
    Selection for Reducing Energy Cost of Protein Production Drives the GC Content and Amino Acid Composition Bias in Gene Transfer Agents
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Selection for Reducing Energy Cost of Protein Production Drives the GC Content and Amino Acid Composition Bias in Gene Transfer Agents

    Kin selection and group selection remain controversial topics in evolutionary biology. We argue that these types of selection are likely to operate in bacterial populations by showing that bacterial gene transfer agents (GTAs), but not related viruses, evolve under conditions of positive selection for the reduction of the energy cost of GTA particle production. We hypothesize that GTAs are dedicated devices mediating the survival of...

    Roman Kogay, Yuri I. Wolf, Eugene V. Koonin, Olga Zhaxybayeva
  • Open Access
    Probiotic Properties of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Nissle in Human Intestinal Organoids
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Probiotic Properties of Escherichia coli Nissle in Human Intestinal Organoids

    Probiotic, or beneficial, bacteria, such as E. coli Nissle, hold promise for the treatment of human disease. More study is needed to fully realize the potential of probiotics. Safety and efficacy studies are critically important; however, mice are poor models for many human intestinal diseases. We used stem cell-derived human intestinal organoid tissues to evaluate...

    Suman Pradhan, Alison Ann Weiss
  • Open Access
    Targeting Hidden Pathogens: Cell-Penetrating Enzybiotics Eradicate Intracellular Drug-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span>
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Targeting Hidden Pathogens: Cell-Penetrating Enzybiotics Eradicate Intracellular Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

    The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is one of the most urgent problems of our time. Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that has acquired several mechanisms to evade antibiotic treatment. In addition, S. aureus is able to invade and persist within human cells...

    Christian Röhrig, Markus Huemer, Dominique Lorgé, Samuel Luterbacher, Preeda Phothaworn, Christopher Schefer, Anna M. Sobieraj, Léa V. Zinsli, Srikanth Mairpady Shambat, Nadja Leimer, Anja P. Keller, Fritz Eichenseher, Yang Shen, Sunee Korbsrisate, Annelies S. Zinkernagel, Martin J. Loessner, Mathias Schmelcher
  • Open Access
    Protein-Mediated and RNA-Based Origins of Replication of Extrachromosomal Mycobacterial Prophages
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Protein-Mediated and RNA-Based Origins of Replication of Extrachromosomal Mycobacterial Prophages

    Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere and are a source of uncharacterized biological mechanisms and genetic tools. Here, we identify segments of phage genomes that are used for stable extrachromosomal replication in the prophage state. Autonomous replication of some of these phages requires a RepA-like protein, although most lack repA and use RNA-based systems for replication initiation. We...

    Katherine S. Wetzel, Haley G. Aull, Kira M. Zack, Rebecca A. Garlena, Graham F. Hatfull
  • Open Access
    Parallel Genomics Uncover Novel Enterococcal-Bacteriophage Interactions
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Parallel Genomics Uncover Novel Enterococcal-Bacteriophage Interactions

    We lack fundamental understanding of how phage infection influences bacterial gene expression and, consequently, how bacterial responses to phage infection affect the assembly of polymicrobial communities. Using parallel genomic approaches, we have discovered novel transcriptional regulators and metabolic genes that influence phage infection. The integration of whole-genome transcriptomic profiling during phage infection has revealed...

    Anushila Chatterjee, Julia L. E. Willett, Uyen Thy Nguyen, Brendan Monogue, Kelli L. Palmer, Gary M. Dunny, Breck A. Duerkop
  • Open Access
    Characteristics of Wetting-Induced Bacteriophage Blooms in Biological Soil Crust
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Characteristics of Wetting-Induced Bacteriophage Blooms in Biological Soil Crust

    This work forms part of an overarching research theme studying the effects of a changing climate on biological soil crust (biocrust) in the Southwestern United States. To our knowledge, this study was the first to characterize bacteriophages in biocrust and offers a view into the ecology of phages in response to a laboratory wetting experiment. The phages identified here represent lineages of Caudovirales, and we found that the...

    Marc W. Van Goethem, Tami L. Swenson, Gareth Trubl, Simon Roux, Trent R. Northen

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