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antibiotic

  • Open Access
    Functional Differences between <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">E. coli</span> and ESKAPE Pathogen GroES/GroEL
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Functional Differences between E. coli and ESKAPE Pathogen GroES/GroEL

    The GroES/GroEL chaperonin from E. coli has long served as the model system for other chaperonins. This assumption seemed valid because of the high conservation between the chaperonins.

    Jared Sivinski, Andrew J. Ambrose, Iliya Panfilenko, Christopher J. Zerio, Jason M. Machulis, Niloufar Mollasalehi, Lynn K. Kaneko, Mckayla Stevens, Anne-Marie Ray, Yangshin Park, Chunxiang Wu, Quyen Q. Hoang, Steven M. Johnson, Eli Chapman
  • Open Access
    Cooperation, Competition, and Specialized Metabolism in a Simplified Root Nodule Microbiome
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Cooperation, Competition, and Specialized Metabolism in a Simplified Root Nodule Microbiome

    Microbiomes associated with various plant structures often contain members with the potential to make specialized metabolites, e.g., molecules with antibacterial, antifungal, or siderophore activities. However, when and where microbes associated with plants produce specialized metabolites, and the potential role of these molecules in mediating intramicrobiome interactions, is not well understood. Root nodules of legume plants are organs...

    Bridget L. Hansen, Rita de Cassia Pessotti, Monika S. Fischer, Alyssa Collins, Laila El-Hifnawi, Mira D. Liu, Matthew F. Traxler
  • Open Access
    Phage-Antibiotic Synergy Is Driven by a Unique Combination of Antibacterial Mechanism of Action and Stoichiometry
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Phage-Antibiotic Synergy Is Driven by a Unique Combination of Antibacterial Mechanism of Action and Stoichiometry

    Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a promising approach to combat the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Currently, the preferred clinical modality is to pair phage with an antibiotic, a practice thought to improve efficacy. However, antagonism between phage and antibiotics has been reported, the choice of phage and antibiotic is not often empirically determined, and the effect of the host factors on the effectiveness is unknown. Here...

    Carmen Gu Liu, Sabrina I. Green, Lorna Min, Justin R. Clark, Keiko C. Salazar, Austen L. Terwilliger, Heidi B. Kaplan, Barbara W. Trautner, Robert F. Ramig, Anthony W. Maresso
  • Open Access
    Novel Antimicrobials from Uncultured Bacteria Acting against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Novel Antimicrobials from Uncultured Bacteria Acting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Decreasing discovery rates and increasing resistance have underscored the need for novel therapeutic options to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Here, we screen extracts from previously uncultured soil microbes for specific activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, identifying three...

    Jeffrey Quigley, Aaron Peoples, Asel Sarybaeva, Dallas Hughes, Meghan Ghiglieri, Catherine Achorn, Alysha Desrosiers, Cintia Felix, Libang Liang, Stephanie Malveira, William Millett, Anthony Nitti, Baldwin Tran, Ashley Zullo, Clemens Anklin, Amy Spoering, Losee Lucy Ling, Kim Lewis
  • Open Access
    The Neutrally Charged Diarylurea Compound PQ401 Kills Antibiotic-Resistant and Antibiotic-Tolerant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Neutrally Charged Diarylurea Compound PQ401 Kills Antibiotic-Resistant and Antibiotic-Tolerant Staphylococcus aureus

    Membrane-damaging antimicrobial agents have great potential to treat multidrug-resistant or multidrug-tolerant bacteria against which conventional antibiotics are not effective. However, their therapeutic applications are often hampered due to their low selectivity to bacterial over mammalian membranes or their potential for cross-resistance to a broad spectrum of cationic membrane-active antimicrobial agents. We discovered that the...

    Wooseong Kim, Guijin Zou, Wen Pan, Nico Fricke, Hammad A. Faizi, Soo Min Kim, Rajamohammed Khader, Silei Li, Kiho Lee, Iliana Escorba, Petia M. Vlahovska, Huajian Gao, Frederick M. Ausubel, Eleftherios Mylonakis
  • Open Access
    Evolving Antibiotics against Resistance: a Potential Platform for Natural Product Development?
    Opinion/Hypothesis | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Evolving Antibiotics against Resistance: a Potential Platform for Natural Product Development?

    To avoid an antibiotic resistance crisis, we need to develop antibiotics at a pace that matches the rate of evolution of resistance. However, the complex functions performed by antibiotics—combining, e.g., penetration of membranes, counteraction of resistance mechanisms, and interaction with molecular targets—have proven hard to achieve with current methods for drug development, including target-based screening and rational design....

    Kristofer Wollein Waldetoft, James Gurney, Joseph Lachance, Paul A. Hoskisson, Sam P. Brown
  • Open Access
    Antibiotics and Host-Tailored Probiotics Similarly Modulate Effects on the Developing Avian Microbiome, Mycobiome, and Host Gene Expression
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Antibiotics and Host-Tailored Probiotics Similarly Modulate Effects on the Developing Avian Microbiome, Mycobiome, and Host Gene Expression

    Alternative approaches are greatly needed to reduce the need for antibiotic use in food animal production. This study utilized a pipeline for the development of a host-tailored probiotic to enhance performance in commercial turkeys and modulate their microbiota, similar to the effects of low-dose antibiotic administration. We determined that a host-tailored probiotic, developed in the context of the commercial turkey gut microbiome, was...

    Tonya L. Ward, Bonnie P. Weber, Kristelle M. Mendoza, Jessica L. Danzeisen, Katharine Llop, Kevin Lang, Jonathan B. Clayton, Elicia Grace, Jeanine Brannon, Igor Radovic, Mai Beauclaire, Timothy J. Heisel, Dan Knights, Carol Cardona, Mike Kogut, Casey Johnson, Sally L. Noll, Ryan Arsenault, Kent M. Reed, Timothy J. Johnson
  • Open Access
    Reiterative Synthesis by the Ribosome and Recognition of the N-Terminal Formyl Group by Biosynthetic Machinery Contribute to Evolutionary Conservation of the Length of Antibiotic Microcin C Peptide Precursor
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Reiterative Synthesis by the Ribosome and Recognition of the N-Terminal Formyl Group by Biosynthetic Machinery Contribute to Evolutionary Conservation of the Length of Antibiotic Microcin C Peptide Precursor

    Escherichia coli microcin C (McC) is a representative member of peptide-nucleotide antibiotics produced by diverse microorganisms. The vast majority of biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for McC-like compound production encode 7-amino-acid-long precursor peptides, which are C-terminally modified by dedicated biosynthetic enzymes with a nucleotide moiety to produce...

    Inna Zukher, Michael Pavlov, Darya Tsibulskaya, Alexey Kulikovsky, Tatyana Zyubko, Dmitry Bikmetov, Marina Serebryakova, Satish K. Nair, Måns Ehrenberg, Svetlana Dubiley, Konstantin Severinov
  • Open Access
    Gut Microbiota Metabolite Indole Propionic Acid Targets Tryptophan Biosynthesis in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Gut Microbiota Metabolite Indole Propionic Acid Targets Tryptophan Biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    New drugs against tuberculosis are urgently needed. The tryptophan (Trp) analog indole propionic acid (IPA) is the first antitubercular metabolite produced by human gut bacteria. Here, we show that this antibiotic blocks Trp synthesis, an in vivo essential biosynthetic pathway in M. tuberculosis. Intriguingly, IPA acts by decoupling a bacterial feedback regulatory mechanism: it mimics Trp as allosteric inhibitor of...

    Dereje Abate Negatu, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Yu Xi, Mei Lin Go, Matthew Zimmerman, Uday Ganapathy, Véronique Dartois, Martin Gengenbacher, Thomas Dick
  • Open Access
    Commentary
    Bacterial Whack-a-Mole: Reconsidering the Public Health Relevance of Using Carbadox in Food Animals
    Lance B. Price

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