Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Dromedary Camels in Saudi Arabia

DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00884-14

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FIG 1
Prevalence of MERS-CoV antibody reactivity in serum (A) and nucleic acid detection in nasal swabs (B) by geographic region in KSA DC. Images were created with software from ESRI maps.
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FIG 2
MERS-CoV proteins detected by Western blotting in sera from KSA DC. S, spike glycoprotein; N, nucleocapsid protein.
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FIG 3
Relationship of partial spike (A, 1,044 nt) and ORF1ab (B, 2,009 nt) sequences derived from DC with selected human-derived MERS-CoV sequences. Maximum-likelihood trees were inferred on the basis of p distance. The scale bars indicate the base difference per site. GenBank reference sequence accession numbers are shown.

TABLE 1

Samples collected in 2013 by animal species, geographic location, age group, and specimen type

Animal species	Location(s)	Age group^a	No.	Specimens^b
DC	Hofuf	Juvenile	19	S, B, N, R
DC	Hofuf	Adult	21	S, B, N, R
DC	Gizan	Juvenile	21	S, B, N, R
DC	Gizan	Adult	19	S, B, N, R
DC	Taif	Juvenile	22	S, B, N, R
DC	Taif	Adult	19	S, B, N, R
DC	Tabuk	Juvenile	24	S, B, N, R
DC	Tabuk	Adult	16	S, B, N, R
DC	Riyadh	Juvenile	12	S, B, N, R
DC	Riyadh	Adult	8	S, B, N, R
DC	Unizah	Juvenile	6	S, B, N, R
DC	Unizah	Adult	16	S, B, N, R
Goat	Unizah	3 mo–2 yr	31	S, B, N, R
Goat	Riyadh	Unknown	5	S, B, N, R
Sheep, Barbari^c	Unizah	3 mo–2 yr	29	S, B, N, R
Sheep, Harri	Unizah, Riyadh	3 mo–2 yr	10	S, B, N, R
Sheep, Najdi	Unizah	3 mo–2 yr	21	S, B, N, R
Sheep, Naimi	Unizah	3 mo–2 yr	21	S, B, N, R
Sheep, Sawakni	Unizah	3 mo–2 yr	31	S, B, N, R

↵a Juvenile animals were defined as being ≤2 years of age; adults were defined as being >2 years of age.
↵b Specimens collected from each animal: S, serum; B, blood; N, nasal swab; R, rectal swab.
↵c Domestic sheep were separated into the breeds commonly found in the KSA: Barbari, Harri, Najdi, Naimi, and Sawakni.

TABLE 2

Analysis of archived DC sera from the KSA from 1992 to 2010

Yr	Location	Age group	No.	% Seropositive (no. positive/total)
1992	Riyadh	Adult	1	100 (1/1)
1993	Riyadh	Adult	2	100 (2/2)
1994	Empty quarter	Adult	123	93 (114/123)
1996	Riyadh	Adult	6	100 (6/6)
2004	Riyadh	Adult	6	100 (6/6)
2009	Riyadh	Juvenile	56	72 (40/56)
2009	Rumah	Adult	26	92 (24/26)
2010	Riyadh	Juvenile	21	76 (16/21)
2010	Kharj	Adult	23	91 (21/23)

Table S1
MERS-CoV infection in samples collected from Saudi Arabian animals in 2013. Table S1, DOCX file, 0.1 MB.
Copyright © 2014 Alagaili et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Table S2
Sequences of primers used for PCR. Table S2, DOCX file, 0.1 MB.
Copyright © 2014 Alagaili et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.