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Research Article

Identification of a New Cyclovirus in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Central Nervous System Infections

Le Van Tan, H. Rogier van Doorn, Ho Dang Trung Nghia, Tran Thi Hong Chau, Le Thi Phuong Tu, Michel de Vries, Marta Canuti, Martin Deijs, Maarten F. Jebbink, Stephen Baker, Juliet E. Bryant, Nguyen Thi Tham, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh BKrong, Maciej F. Boni, Tran Quoc Loi, Le Thi Phuong, Joost T. P. Verhoeven, Martin Crusat, Rienk E. Jeeninga, Constance Schultsz, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Tran Tinh Hien, Lia van der Hoek, Jeremy Farrar, Menno D. de Jong
Amit Kapoor, Invited Editor, W. Ian Lipkin, Editor
Le Van Tan
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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H. Rogier van Doorn
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamCentre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ho Dang Trung Nghia
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamPham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamHospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Tran Thi Hong Chau
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Le Thi Phuong Tu
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Michel de Vries
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Marta Canuti
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Martin Deijs
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Maarten F. Jebbink
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Stephen Baker
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamCentre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Juliet E. Bryant
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamCentre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Nguyen Thi Tham
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh BKrong
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Maciej F. Boni
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamCentre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Tran Quoc Loi
Dong Thap Provincial Hospital, Dong Thap, Vietnam
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Le Thi Phuong
Dong Thap Provincial Hospital, Dong Thap, Vietnam
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Joost T. P. Verhoeven
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Martin Crusat
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Rienk E. Jeeninga
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Constance Schultsz
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Tran Tinh Hien
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Lia van der Hoek
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Jeremy Farrar
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamCentre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Menno D. de Jong
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Amit Kapoor
Columbia University
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W. Ian Lipkin
Columbia University
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DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00231-13
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ABSTRACT

Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.

IMPORTANCE Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology frequently remains unknown, which hampers development of therapeutic or preventive strategies. Hence, identification of novel pathogens is essential and is facilitated by current next-generation sequencing-based methods. Using such technology, we identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology, which was subsequently detected in none of 122 CSF specimens from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders but 4% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected or confirmed CNS infections. Similar detection rates in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while frequent detection in feces from Vietnamese pigs and poultry (average, 58%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further studies are needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.

  • Copyright © 2013 Tan et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

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Identification of a New Cyclovirus in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Central Nervous System Infections
Le Van Tan, H. Rogier van Doorn, Ho Dang Trung Nghia, Tran Thi Hong Chau, Le Thi Phuong Tu, Michel de Vries, Marta Canuti, Martin Deijs, Maarten F. Jebbink, Stephen Baker, Juliet E. Bryant, Nguyen Thi Tham, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh BKrong, Maciej F. Boni, Tran Quoc Loi, Le Thi Phuong, Joost T. P. Verhoeven, Martin Crusat, Rienk E. Jeeninga, Constance Schultsz, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Tran Tinh Hien, Lia van der Hoek, Jeremy Farrar, Menno D. de Jong
mBio Jun 2013, 4 (3) e00231-13; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00231-13

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Identification of a New Cyclovirus in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Central Nervous System Infections
Le Van Tan, H. Rogier van Doorn, Ho Dang Trung Nghia, Tran Thi Hong Chau, Le Thi Phuong Tu, Michel de Vries, Marta Canuti, Martin Deijs, Maarten F. Jebbink, Stephen Baker, Juliet E. Bryant, Nguyen Thi Tham, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh BKrong, Maciej F. Boni, Tran Quoc Loi, Le Thi Phuong, Joost T. P. Verhoeven, Martin Crusat, Rienk E. Jeeninga, Constance Schultsz, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Tran Tinh Hien, Lia van der Hoek, Jeremy Farrar, Menno D. de Jong
mBio Jun 2013, 4 (3) e00231-13; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00231-13
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