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Research Article

Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria

Cindy M. Liu, Bruce A. Hungate, Aaron A. R. Tobian, David Serwadda, Jacques Ravel, Richard Lester, Godfrey Kigozi, Maliha Aziz, Ronald M. Galiwango, Fred Nalugoda, Tania L. Contente-Cuomo, Maria J. Wawer, Paul Keim, Ronald H. Gray, Lance B. Price
Andrew B. Onderdonk, Editor
Cindy M. Liu
Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAa
Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAb
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USAc
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Bruce A. Hungate
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAd
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Aaron A. R. Tobian
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USAc
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David Serwadda
Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Ugandae
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Jacques Ravel
Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAf
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Richard Lester
Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAa
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Godfrey Kigozi
Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Ugandae
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Maliha Aziz
Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAa
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Ronald M. Galiwango
Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Ugandae
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Fred Nalugoda
Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Ugandae
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Tania L. Contente-Cuomo
Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAa
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Maria J. Wawer
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAg
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Paul Keim
Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAa
Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAb
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Ronald H. Gray
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAg
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Lance B. Price
Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAa
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USAh
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Andrew B. Onderdonk
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00076-13
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Article Information

DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00076-13
PubMed 
23592260

Published By 
American Society for Microbiology
History 
  • Received February 15, 2013
  • Accepted March 22, 2013
  • Published online April 16, 2013.

Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2013 Liu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Editors and / or Reviewers 
  • Andrew B. Onderdonk, Editor, Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Author Information

  1. Cindy M. Liua,b,c,
  2. Bruce A. Hungated,
  3. Aaron A. R. Tobianc,
  4. David Serwaddae,
  5. Jacques Ravelf,
  6. Richard Lestera,
  7. Godfrey Kigozie,
  8. Maliha Aziza,
  9. Ronald M. Galiwangoe,
  10. Fred Nalugodae,
  11. Tania L. Contente-Cuomoa,
  12. Maria J. Wawerg,
  13. Paul Keima,b,
  14. Ronald H. Grayg,
  15. Lance B. Pricea,h
  1. Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAa
  2. Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAb
  3. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USAc
  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USAd
  5. Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Ugandae
  6. Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAf
  7. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAg
  8. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USAh
  • Address correspondence to Lance B. Price, lprice{at}tgen.org.
  • CitationLiu CM, Hungate BA, Tobian AAR, Serwadda D, Ravel J, Lester R, Kigozi G, Aziz M, Galiwango RM, Nalugoda F, Contente-Cuomo TL, Wawer MJ, Keim P, Gray RH, Price LB. 2013. Male circumcision significantly reduces prevalence and load of genital anaerobic bacteria. mBio 4(2):e00076-13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00076-13.

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Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria
Cindy M. Liu, Bruce A. Hungate, Aaron A. R. Tobian, David Serwadda, Jacques Ravel, Richard Lester, Godfrey Kigozi, Maliha Aziz, Ronald M. Galiwango, Fred Nalugoda, Tania L. Contente-Cuomo, Maria J. Wawer, Paul Keim, Ronald H. Gray, Lance B. Price
mBio Apr 2013, 4 (2) e00076-13; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00076-13

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Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria
Cindy M. Liu, Bruce A. Hungate, Aaron A. R. Tobian, David Serwadda, Jacques Ravel, Richard Lester, Godfrey Kigozi, Maliha Aziz, Ronald M. Galiwango, Fred Nalugoda, Tania L. Contente-Cuomo, Maria J. Wawer, Paul Keim, Ronald H. Gray, Lance B. Price
mBio Apr 2013, 4 (2) e00076-13; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00076-13
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