Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1
Dose response of YFV vaccine and WT strains to in vitro ribavirin treatment. 17D-204, Asibi, FNV, and FVV were incubated with the GTP nucleoside analog ribavirin in Vero cells. After 48 h, the supernatant was collected and titrated for viral load (focus-forming units [FFU]). The titers at each concentration were normalized to untreated, infected cells and fit using a dose-response nonlinear regression. The experiment was undertaken in triplicate, and the points shown are an average of the results from these experiments.
- FIG 2
Dose response of 17D-204 vaccine, Asibi, FNV, and FVV to in vitro MPA treatment. 17D-204, Asibi, FNV, and FVV were incubated with the IMPDH inhibitor MPA in Vero cells. After 48 h, the supernatant was collected and titrated for viral load (FFU). The titers at each concentration were normalized to untreated, infected cells and fit using a dose-response linear regression. The experiment was undertaken in triplicate, and the points shown are an average of the results from these experiments.
- FIG 3
Entropy values for ribavirin-treated 17D-204 and Asibi viruses. Viruses were treated with the indicated concentrations of ribavirin, and RNA from these samples was sequenced by Illumina methods. All nucleotide positions, UTRs included, are depicted. Significance was detected in the average entropy of Asibi ribavirin-treated samples and the untreated sample (****, P < 0.0001). No significant differences were detected between the average entropy of 17D-204 ribavirin-treated samples and the untreated sample (P > 0.999).
- FIG 4
Entropy across entire genome mapped against variants detected. Viruses were treated with the indicated concentrations of ribavirin and RNA from these samples was sequenced by Illumina methods. (A and B) Entropy was calculated for each nucleotide across the genome for both Asibi (A) and 17D-204 (B).
- FIG 5
Variants detected in ribavirin-treated and untreated YFV samples. RNA sequenced by Illumina methods from four treatment concentrations. (A and C) V-Phaser2 v2.0 was used to detect synonymous (squares) and nonsynonymous (circles) variants in treated Asibi (A), 17D (B), and FVV/FNV (C). The total numbers of variants in both categories are represented by gray bars. Only variants that passed the strand bias test (P < 0.05) and were detected above 1% are reported.
- FIG 6
Entropy across entire genome of ribavirin-treated FNV virus and FVV. (A and B) RNA was isolated from treated and untreated FVV (A) and FNV virus (B) samples were sequenced by Illumina methods. Entropy was calculated for each nucleotide across the genome for both FVV (A) and FNV virus (B).
- FIG 7
Dose response of 17D-204 and Asibi structural chimeras to in vitro ribavirin treatment. Infectious clone chimeras were constructed and incubated with the GTP nucleoside analog ribavirin in Vero cells. After 48 h, the supernatant was collected and titrated for viral load (FFU). The titers at each concentration were normalized to untreated, infected cells and fit using a dose-response nonlinear regression.
Supplemental Material
TABLE S1
17D-204 treated with ribavirin generates less SNV than does ribavirin-treated Asibi. Variants were detected using V-Phaser2, and variants below 1% frequency and those that did not pass the strand bias test were discarded. Variants highlighted in green are common throughout the samples. Variants in red text are residues which distinguish 17D-204 and Asibi. Download Table S1, DOCX file, 0.1 MB.
Copyright © 2019 Davis et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
TABLE S2
FNV virus treated with ribavirin generates less SNV than does ribavirin-treated FVV. Variants were detected using V-Phaser2, and variants below 1% frequency and those that did not pass the strand bias test were discarded. Variants highlighted in green are common throughout the samples. Download Table S2, DOCX file, 0.1 MB.
Copyright © 2019 Davis et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
