On the Emergence of Candida auris: Climate Change, Azoles, Swamps, and Birds

Comparison of thermal tolerance of C. auris and several close relatives. The tree shows that thermal tolerance is not monophyletic to closely related species. Green and red reflect temperature permissiveness and nonpermissiveness, respectively, for growth. Candida spp. with an upper limit of growth at 37°C are not be expected to grow at fever temperatures. Most closely related species manifest lower thermal tolerances than C. auris. The hierarchical tree (unweighted pair group method using average linkages [UPGMA]) is based on pairwise sequence alignments of both internal transcribed spacers and large subunit ribosomal DNA (data obtained and available from the CBS collection at www.westerdijkinstitute.nl).