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Minireview | Ecological and Evolutionary Science

Fungi in the Marine Environment: Open Questions and Unsolved Problems

Anthony Amend, Gaetan Burgaud, Michael Cunliffe, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Cassandra L. Ettinger, M. H. Gutiérrez, Joseph Heitman, Erik F. Y. Hom, Giuseppe Ianiri, Adam C. Jones, Maiko Kagami, Kathryn T. Picard, C. Alisha Quandt, Seshagiri Raghukumar, Mertixell Riquelme, Jason Stajich, José Vargas-Muñiz, Allison K. Walker, Oded Yarden, Amy S. Gladfelter
Danielle A. Garsin, Editor
Anthony Amend
aDepartment of Botany, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Gaetan Burgaud
bUniversité de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
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Michael Cunliffe
cMarine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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Virginia P. Edgcomb
dDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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Cassandra L. Ettinger
eGenome Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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  • ORCID record for Cassandra L. Ettinger
M. H. Gutiérrez
fDepartamento de Oceanografía, Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Joseph Heitman
gDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Erik F. Y. Hom
hDepartment of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
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Giuseppe Ianiri
gDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Adam C. Jones
iGordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Maiko Kagami
jGraduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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Kathryn T. Picard
kDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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C. Alisha Quandt
lEcology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Seshagiri Raghukumar
mNational Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India
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Mertixell Riquelme
nDepartment of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Jason Stajich
oDepartment of Microbiology & Plant Pathology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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José Vargas-Muñiz
pDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Allison K. Walker
qDepartment of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Oded Yarden
rDepartment of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Amy S. Gladfelter
pDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
sMarine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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Danielle A. Garsin
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01189-18
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    FIG 1

    Morphological diversity of fungi collected from a biotic host. Fungal collection isolated from a marine sponge, Ircinia variabilis (formerly Psammocinia sp.). For details, see Paz et al. (35).

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    Chytrid parasites of marine diatoms. (A) Chytrid sporangia on Pleurosigma sp. The white arrow indicates the operculate discharge pore. (B) Rhizoids (white arrow) extending into diatom host. (C) Chlorophyll aggregates localized to infection sites (white arrows). (D and E) Single hosts bearing multiple zoosporangia at different stages of development. The white arrow in panel E highlights branching rhizoids. (F) Endobiotic chytrid-like sporangia within diatom frustule. Bars = 10 μm. Adapted from Hassett and Gradinger (43) with permission.

  • FIG 3
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    FIG 3

    Roles of fungi in the marine carbon cycle by processing phytoplankton-derived organic matter. Parasitic fungi, as well as saprotrophic fungi, directly assimilate phytoplankton organic carbon. By releasing zoospores, the fungi bridge the trophic linkage to zooplankton, known as the mycoloop. By modifying the particulate and dissolved organic carbon, they can affect bacteria and the microbial loop. These processes may modify marine snow chemical composition and the subsequent functioning of the biological carbon pump. Modified from Gutierrez et al. (41) with permission.

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Fungi in the Marine Environment: Open Questions and Unsolved Problems
Anthony Amend, Gaetan Burgaud, Michael Cunliffe, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Cassandra L. Ettinger, M. H. Gutiérrez, Joseph Heitman, Erik F. Y. Hom, Giuseppe Ianiri, Adam C. Jones, Maiko Kagami, Kathryn T. Picard, C. Alisha Quandt, Seshagiri Raghukumar, Mertixell Riquelme, Jason Stajich, José Vargas-Muñiz, Allison K. Walker, Oded Yarden, Amy S. Gladfelter
mBio Mar 2019, 10 (2) e01189-18; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01189-18

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Fungi in the Marine Environment: Open Questions and Unsolved Problems
Anthony Amend, Gaetan Burgaud, Michael Cunliffe, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Cassandra L. Ettinger, M. H. Gutiérrez, Joseph Heitman, Erik F. Y. Hom, Giuseppe Ianiri, Adam C. Jones, Maiko Kagami, Kathryn T. Picard, C. Alisha Quandt, Seshagiri Raghukumar, Mertixell Riquelme, Jason Stajich, José Vargas-Muñiz, Allison K. Walker, Oded Yarden, Amy S. Gladfelter
mBio Mar 2019, 10 (2) e01189-18; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01189-18
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  • Top
  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • INTRODUCTION
    • WHAT FUNGI ARE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT?
    • WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES IN CHARACTERIZING MARINE MYCOBIOMES?
    • HOW DO FUNGI INTERACT WITH THE MARINE BIOSPHERE?
    • HOW DO FUNGI INFLUENCE MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES?
    • ESTABLISHING MARINE FUNGAL MODEL SYSTEMS
    • SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

KEYWORDS

mycology
chytrid
marine fungi
marine microbiology

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