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Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology

Phycobilisomes Harbor FNRL in Cyanobacteria

Haijun Liu, Daniel A. Weisz, Mengru M. Zhang, Ming Cheng, Bojie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Gary S. Gerstenecker, Himadri B. Pakrasi, Michael L. Gross, Robert E. Blankenship
Margaret J. McFall-Ngai, Editor
Haijun Liu
aDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
bPhotosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
cDepartment of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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  • ORCID record for Haijun Liu
Daniel A. Weisz
aDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
bPhotosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Mengru M. Zhang
cDepartment of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ming Cheng
bPhotosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
cDepartment of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Bojie Zhang
cDepartment of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Hao Zhang
bPhotosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
cDepartment of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Gary S. Gerstenecker
bPhotosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
cDepartment of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Himadri B. Pakrasi
aDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
bPhotosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Michael L. Gross
bPhotosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
cDepartment of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Robert E. Blankenship
aDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
bPhotosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
cDepartment of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Margaret J. McFall-Ngai
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Roles: Editor
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David Kehoe
Indiana University Bloomington
Roles: Solicited external reviewer
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Julian Whitelegge
University of California, Los Angeles
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DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00669-19
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  • FIG 1
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    FIG 1

    (A) Sucrose density isolation of CpcG-PBS and CpcL-PBS. (B) SDS-PAGE analysis of CpcG-PBS and CpcL-PBS. (C) Mass spectrometry quantification of protein subunits in CpcG-PBS and CpcL-PBS. In the heat map representation, highlighting the component differences, the relevance of effects is related to a ratio, not to a visual difference. Ratio* (PEAKS label-free quantification) indicates the CpcL-PBS/CpcG-PBS ratio. (D) Absorption spectra of the sucrose gradient bands normalized at the absorption maxima. The spectrum difference (Dif) is the difference spectrum between CpcG-PBS and CpcL-PBS. (E and F) Fluorescence emission spectra of CpcG-PBS and CpcL-PBS upon excitation at 580 nm at room temperature (RT) (E) and at 77 K (F).

  • FIG 2
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    FIG 2

    (A) Label-free rod polypeptide quantification of CpcG-PBS and CpcL-PBS. (Error bars indicate standard deviations.) (B and C) Model of a single rod of CpcG-PBS (B) and CpcL-PBS (C). (D) Product-ion (MS/MS) spectrum of CpcG1 protein N-terminal peptide. (Inset) N-terminal polypeptide sequence of CpcG1 (slr2051) and CpcL (sll1471) proteins. (E) Product-ion (MS/MS) spectrum of CpcL N-terminal peptide.

  • FIG 3
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    FIG 3

    MS data showing a cross-link between FNRL-K69 and CpcB-M1 (N terminus). (A) The mass spectrum of precursors for the light and heavy cross-linked species (BS3-H12/D12), displaying the isotopic fingerprint of a peak doublet of equal intensity, separated by m/z 4.0251 (z = 3) (B) Product-ion spectrum of the cross-linked peptide with BS3-H12. (C) Product-ion spectrum of the cross-linked peptide with BS3-D12. Ȧ, top peptide; Ӓ, bottom peptide.

  • FIG 4
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    FIG 4

    MS data showing a cross-link between FNRL and CpcB. Reference ions without the cross-linker reagent (Ȧy9++ at m/z 469.24, Ȧy9+ at m/z 937.47) and ions with the characteristic 12-Da shift that contain cross-linkers are indicated (Ȧb1+, Ȧb2+, and Ȧb3+). Overall, the product-ion coverage is 71% for y ions and 18% for b ions. The isotopic ion coverage (both y and b ions) is 18%.

  • FIG 5
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    FIG 5

    Iterative threading assembly refinement (I-TASSER) method for protein structure prediction of FNRL N-terminal linker domain (FNRL-LD; 89 amino acids). (A to E) Five models are shown with decreasing C-scores (I-TASSER). (F) Bioinformatics analysis of FNRL-LD using the ConSurf server (38, 39, 53), showing the conserved (purple) α helix and β sheet and the variable loop regions and N-terminal flexible domain (teal). (G) Side views of the five models of FNRL-LD. The first methionine of each model is shown as a sphere with color rendering consistent with models in Fig. 1A to E, respectively. (H) Cartoon representation of allophycocyanin core linker (ApcC) complex: ApcA (marine), ApcB (dark blue), and ApcC (purple). (I) Three rounds of alignment of CpcA/B heterodimer (Synechocystis 6803 α and β subunit; PDB entry 4F0T) with ApcA/B (1B33), followed by homology modeling of five predicted FNRL-LD structures with ApcC (PDB entry 1B33).

  • FIG 6
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    FIG 6

    (A) View of all amino acids involved in FNRL-LD-PC cross-linking: CpcB-1M (purple), CpcA-1M (blue) from trimeric phycocyanin, K69 (orange), and 1M (green) of FNRL. K69 and 1M from five models are shown. (B) Side view of FNRL-LD (5 models) in PC trimer, highlighting K69 and 1M locations relative to the α-helix and β-sheet of FNRL-LD and the PC trimer. (C) Optimized model (model E in Fig. 5B) with the least spatial conflicts and most favorable cross-linking chemistry. The N-terminal extension region of FNRL adopts an orientation close to the proximal side of CpcA. K69 and M1 of FNRL are located close to N termini of CpcA and CpcB in one heterodimer. (D) Surface representation of trimeric phycocyanin and electrostatic potential surface representation of FNRL-LD. CpcA, wheat; CpcB, lime.

Tables

  • Figures
  • TABLE 1

    Spatial distance analysis of cross-linked pairs using Xwalka

    Model and XlinkFNRLCpcBCpcADistance (Å)
    EuclideanAmineSASDRMSD
    A
        1K69M113.911.223.819.5
        2M1M124.823.533.1
        3M1M1302734.2
    B
        1K69M113.68.422.325.9
        2M1M127.224.844.3
        3M1M13229.839.9
    C
        1K69M114.49.424.123.9
        2M1M12525.640.3
        3M1M128.828.738.3
    D
        1K69M114.613.519.920.7
        2M1M124.121.336.1
        3M1M128.52537.2
    E
        1K69M114.19.921.210.7
        2M1M115.313.822.2
        3M1M118.416.423.1
    • ↵a Xwalk (spatial distance) analysis (51) of cross-linking pairs from Fig. 6A. Listed are the Euclidean Cα-Cα distances, the side chain amine groups distances, and SASD (see the text for details) between paired amino acids. Xi, Xwalk calculated value (Å). C = 11.4 Å. RMSD was calculated as 1n∑i=1n(Xi−c)2 .

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Phycobilisomes Harbor FNRL in Cyanobacteria
Haijun Liu, Daniel A. Weisz, Mengru M. Zhang, Ming Cheng, Bojie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Gary S. Gerstenecker, Himadri B. Pakrasi, Michael L. Gross, Robert E. Blankenship
mBio Apr 2019, 10 (2) e00669-19; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00669-19

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Phycobilisomes Harbor FNRL in Cyanobacteria
Haijun Liu, Daniel A. Weisz, Mengru M. Zhang, Ming Cheng, Bojie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Gary S. Gerstenecker, Himadri B. Pakrasi, Michael L. Gross, Robert E. Blankenship
mBio Apr 2019, 10 (2) e00669-19; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00669-19
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KEYWORDS

CpcL-PBS
isotopic cross-linking
photosynthesis
mass spectrometry

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