Therapeutics and Prevention
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionRecognition Patterns of the C1/C2 Epitopes Involved in Fc-Mediated Response in HIV-1 Natural Infection and the RV114 Vaccine TrialAntibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) correlated with a reduced risk of infection from HIV-1 in the RV144 vaccine trial, the only HIV-1 vaccine trial to date to show any efficacy. Antibodies specific for CD4-induced envelope (Env) epitopes within constant region 1 and 2 (cluster A region) were induced in the RV144 trial and their ADCC activities were implicated in the vaccine efficacy. We present structural analyses of the...
Minireview | Therapeutics and PreventionA Physiological Basis for Nonheritable Antibiotic ResistanceAntibiotics constitute one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. However, individuals may succumb to a bacterial infection if a pathogen survives exposure to antibiotics. The ability of bacteria to survive bactericidal antibiotics results from genetic changes in the preexisting bacterial genome, from the acquisition of genes from other organisms, and from nonheritable phenomena that give rise to antibiotic tolerance. Nonheritable...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionConvergent Evolution of Neutralizing Antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus γ-Hemolysin C That Recognize an Immunodominant Primary Sequence-Dependent B-Cell EpitopeStaphylococcus aureus infection is a major public health threat in part due to the spread of antibiotic resistance and repeated failures to develop a protective vaccine. Infection is associated with production of virulence factors that include exotoxins that attack host barriers and cellular defenses, such as the leukocidin (Luk) family of bicomponent pore-forming...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionChlorpromazine and Amitriptyline Are Substrates and Inhibitors of the AcrB Multidrug Efflux PumpEfflux pumps of the resistance nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily are major contributors to multidrug resistance for most of the Gram-negative ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae,...
Author Reply | Therapeutics and PreventionReply to Siniorakis et al., “COVID-19 Interference with Renin-Angiotensin System in the Context of Heart Failure”
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionAntiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in FerretsThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, with rapidly increasing numbers of mortalities, placing increasing strain on health care systems. Despite serious public health concerns, no effective vaccines or therapeutics have been approved by regulatory agencies. In this study, we tested the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionMutations in TAC1B: a Novel Genetic Determinant of Clinical Fluconazole Resistance in Candida aurisCandida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen of global concern, known to be responsible for outbreaks on six continents and to be commonly resistant to antifungals. While the vast majority of clinical C. auris isolates are highly resistant to fluconazole, an essential part of the...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionGlycerol Monolaurate, an Analogue to a Factor Secreted by Lactobacillus, Is Virucidal against Enveloped Viruses, Including HIV-1A total of 340 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired each year. Antimicrobial agents that target multiple infectious pathogens are ideal candidates to reduce the number of newly acquired STIs. The antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties of GML make it an excellent candidate to fit this critical need. Previous studies established the safety profile and antibacterial activity of GML against both Gram-positive...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionOptimization of an Experimental Vaccine To Prevent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract InfectionUrinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infection in humans, affecting half of all women at least once during their lifetimes. The rise in antibiotic resistance and health care costs emphasizes the need to develop a vaccine against the most common UTI pathogen, Escherichia coli. Vaccinating mice intranasally with a detoxified heat-labile...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionTargeting Hidden Pathogens: Cell-Penetrating Enzybiotics Eradicate Intracellular Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusThe increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is one of the most urgent problems of our time. Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that has acquired several mechanisms to evade antibiotic treatment. In addition, S. aureus is able to invade and persist within human cells...