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Molecular Biology and Physiology

  • Open Access
    Repetitive Elements Contribute to the Diversity and Evolution of Centromeres in the Fungal Genus <em>Verticillium</em>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Repetitive Elements Contribute to the Diversity and Evolution of Centromeres in the Fungal Genus Verticillium

    The genus Verticillium contains 10 species of plant-associated fungi, some of which are notorious pathogens. Verticillium species evolved by frequent chromosomal rearrangements that contribute to genome plasticity. Centromeres are instrumental for separation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis, and failed centromere functionality can lead to chromosomal anomalies. Here, we used a combination of experimental...

    Michael F. Seidl, H. Martin Kramer, David E. Cook, Gabriel L. Fiorin, Grardy C. M. van den Berg, Luigi Faino, Bart P. H. J. Thomma
  • Open Access
    Sigma 54-Regulated Transcription Is Associated with Membrane Reorganization and Type III Secretion Effectors during Conversion to Infectious Forms of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Chlamydia trachomatis</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Sigma 54-Regulated Transcription Is Associated with Membrane Reorganization and Type III Secretion Effectors during Conversion to Infectious Forms of Chlamydia trachomatis

    The factors that control the growth and infectious processes for Chlamydia are still poorly understood. This study used recently developed genetic tools to determine the regulon for one of the key transcription factors encoded by Chlamydia, sigma 54. Surrogate and computational analyses provide additional support for the hypothesis that sigma 54 plays a key role in controlling the expression of many components critical...

    Katelyn R. Soules, Scott D. LaBrie, Benjamin H. May, P. Scott Hefty
  • Open Access
    Structural Characterization of the Essential Cell Division Protein FtsE and Its Interaction with FtsX in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Structural Characterization of the Essential Cell Division Protein FtsE and Its Interaction with FtsX in Streptococcus pneumoniae

    Bacterial cell division is a central process that requires exquisite orchestration of both the cell wall biosynthetic and lytic machineries. The essential membrane complex FtsEX, widely conserved across bacteria, plays a central role by recruiting proteins to the divisome apparatus and by regulating periplasmic muralytic activity from the cytosol. FtsEX is a member of the type VII family of the ABC-superfamily, but instead of being a...

    Martin Alcorlo, Daniel Straume, Joe Lutkenhaus, Leiv Sigve Håvarstein, Juan A. Hermoso
  • Open Access
    Interspecies Microbial Fusion and Large-Scale Exchange of Cytoplasmic Proteins and RNA in a Syntrophic <em>Clostridium</em> Coculture
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Interspecies Microbial Fusion and Large-Scale Exchange of Cytoplasmic Proteins and RNA in a Syntrophic Clostridium Coculture

    We report that two different bacterial organisms engage in heterologous cell fusion that leads to massive exchange of cellular material, including proteins and RNA, and the formation of persistent hybrid cells. The interspecies cell fusion observed here involves a syntrophic microbial system, but these heterologous cell fusions were observed even under nonstrict syntrophic conditions, leaving open the possibility that strict syntrophy...

    Kamil Charubin, Shannon Modla, Jeffrey L. Caplan, Eleftherios Terry Papoutsakis
  • Open Access
    The Nucleoid Occlusion Protein SlmA Binds to Lipid Membranes
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The Nucleoid Occlusion Protein SlmA Binds to Lipid Membranes

    Successful bacterial proliferation relies on the spatial and temporal precision of cytokinesis and its regulation by systems that protect the integrity of the nucleoid. In Escherichia coli, one of these protectors is SlmA protein, which binds to specific DNA sites around the nucleoid and helps to shield the nucleoid from inappropriate bisection by the cell division...

    Miguel Ángel Robles-Ramos, William Margolin, Marta Sobrinos-Sanguino, Carlos Alfonso, Germán Rivas, Begoña Monterroso, Silvia Zorrilla
  • Open Access
    Type IX Secretion System Cargo Proteins Are Glycosylated at the C Terminus with a Novel Linking Sugar of the Wbp/Vim Pathway
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Type IX Secretion System Cargo Proteins Are Glycosylated at the C Terminus with a Novel Linking Sugar of the Wbp/Vim Pathway

    Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, two pathogens associated with severe gum disease, use the type IX secretion system (T9SS) to secrete and attach toxic arrays of virulence factor proteins to their cell surfaces. The proteins are tethered to the outer membrane via glycolipid anchors...

    Paul D. Veith, Mikio Shoji, Richard A. J. O’Hair, Michael G. Leeming, Shuai Nie, Michelle D. Glew, Gavin E. Reid, Koji Nakayama, Eric C. Reynolds
  • Open Access
    Molecular Deceleration Regulates Toxicant Release to Prevent Cell Damage in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas putida</span> S16 (DSM 28022)
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Molecular Deceleration Regulates Toxicant Release to Prevent Cell Damage in Pseudomonas putida S16 (DSM 28022)

    Flavin-dependent amine oxidases have received extensive attention because of their importance in drug metabolism, Parkinson’s disease, and neurotransmitter catabolism. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain relatively poorly understood. Here, combining the crystal structure of NicA2 (an enzyme in the first step of the bacterial nicotine degradation pathway in ...

    Hongzhi Tang, Kunzhi Zhang, Haiyang Hu, Geng Wu, Weiwei Wang, Xiongyu Zhu, Gongquan Liu, Ping Xu
  • Open Access
    The ClpX and ClpP2 Orthologs of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Chlamydia trachomatis</span> Perform Discrete and Essential Functions in Organism Growth and Development
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The ClpX and ClpP2 Orthologs of Chlamydia trachomatis Perform Discrete and Essential Functions in Organism Growth and Development

    Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of infectious blindness globally and the most reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection both domestically and internationally. Given the economic burden, the lack of an approved vaccine, and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of infections, an understanding of chlamydial growth and development is...

    Nicholas A. Wood, Amanda M. Blocker, Mohamed A. Seleem, Martin Conda-Sheridan, Derek J. Fisher, Scot P. Ouellette
  • Open Access
    Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark
    Minireview | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Histone Modifications and Other Facets of Epigenetic Regulation in Trypanosomatids: Leaving Their Mark

    Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) modulate several eukaryotic cellular processes, including transcription, replication, and repair. Vast arrays of modifications have been identified in conventional eukaryotes over the last 20 to 25 years. While initial studies uncovered these primarily on histone tails, multiple modifications were subsequently found on the central globular domains as well. Histones are evolutionarily...

    Swati Saha
  • Open Access
    (p)ppGpp and c-di-AMP Homeostasis Is Controlled by CbpB in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Listeria monocytogenes</span>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    (p)ppGpp and c-di-AMP Homeostasis Is Controlled by CbpB in Listeria monocytogenes

    Bacteria must efficiently maintain homeostasis of essential molecules to survive in the environment. We found that the levels of c-di-AMP and (p)ppGpp, two nucleotide second messengers that are highly conserved throughout the microbial world, coexist in a homeostatic loop in the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Here, we found that cyclic di-...

    Bret N. Peterson, Megan K. M. Young, Shukun Luo, Jeffrey Wang, Aaron T. Whiteley, Joshua J. Woodward, Liang Tong, Jue D. Wang, Daniel A. Portnoy

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