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Molecular Biology and Physiology

  • Open Access
    Regulatory Effects of CsrA in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Vibrio cholerae</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Regulatory Effects of CsrA in Vibrio cholerae

    Vibrio cholerae, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a natural inhabitant of the aqueous environment. However, once ingested, this bacterium can colonize the human host and cause the disease cholera.

    Heidi A. Butz, Alexandra R. Mey, Ashley L. Ciosek, Alexander A. Crofts, Bryan W. Davies, Shelley M. Payne
  • Open Access
    (p)ppGpp/GTP and Malonyl-CoA Modulate <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Adaptation to FASII Antibiotics and Provide a Basis for Synergistic Bi-Therapy
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    (p)ppGpp/GTP and Malonyl-CoA Modulate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation to FASII Antibiotics and Provide a Basis for Synergistic Bi-Therapy

    Staphylococcus aureus is a major human bacterial pathogen for which new inhibitors are urgently needed. Antibiotic development has centered on the fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway, which provides the building blocks for bacterial membrane phospholipids.

    Amit Pathania, Jamila Anba-Mondoloni, Myriam Gominet, David Halpern, Julien Dairou, Laëtitia Dupont, Gilles Lamberet, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, Karine Gloux, Alexandra Gruss
  • Open Access
    Genetic Evidence for SecY Translocon-Mediated Import of Two Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition (CDI) Toxins
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Genetic Evidence for SecY Translocon-Mediated Import of Two Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition (CDI) Toxins

    Many bacterial species interact via direct cell-to-cell contact using CDI systems, which provide a mechanism to inject toxins that inhibit bacterial growth into one another. Here, we find that two CDI toxins, one that depolarizes membranes and another that degrades RNA, exploit the universally conserved SecY translocon machinery used to export proteins for target cell entry.

    Allison M. Jones, Petra Virtanen, Disa Hammarlöf, William J. Allen, Ian Collinson, Christopher S. Hayes, David A. Low, Sanna Koskiniemi
  • Open Access
    Noc Corrals Migration of FtsZ Protofilaments during Cytokinesis in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Bacillus subtilis</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Noc Corrals Migration of FtsZ Protofilaments during Cytokinesis in Bacillus subtilis

    In bacteria, a condensed structure of FtsZ (Z-ring) recruits cell division machinery at the midcell, and Z-ring formation is discouraged over the chromosome by a poorly understood phenomenon called nucleoid occlusion. In B. subtilis, nucleoid occlusion has been reported to be mediated, at least in part, by the DNA-membrane bridging protein, Noc.

    Yuanchen Yu, Jinsheng Zhou, Frederico J. Gueiros-Filho, Daniel B. Kearns, Stephen C. Jacobson
  • Open Access
    The Compact Macronuclear Genome of the Ciliate <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Halteria grandinella</span>: A Transcriptome-Like Genome with 23,000 Nanochromosomes
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The Compact Macronuclear Genome of the Ciliate Halteria grandinella: A Transcriptome-Like Genome with 23,000 Nanochromosomes

    How to achieve protein diversity by genome and transcriptome processing is essential for organismal complexity and adaptation. The present work identifies that the macronuclear genome of Halteria grandinella, a cosmopolitan unicellular eukaryote, is composed almost entirely of gene-sized nanochromosomes with extremely short nongenic regions.

    Weibo Zheng, Chundi Wang, Michael Lynch, Shan Gao
  • Open Access
    TgIF2K-B Is an eIF2α Kinase in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> That Responds to Oxidative Stress and Optimizes Pathogenicity
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    TgIF2K-B Is an eIF2α Kinase in Toxoplasma gondii That Responds to Oxidative Stress and Optimizes Pathogenicity

    Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasite that infects nucleated cells of warm-blooded vertebrates, including one-third of the human population. The parasites are not cleared by the immune response and persist in the host by converting into a latent tissue cyst form.

    Leonardo Augusto, Jennifer Martynowicz, Parth H. Amin, Kenneth R. Carlson, Ronald C. Wek, William J. Sullivan
  • Open Access
    Z-Ring-Associated Proteins Regulate Clustering of the Replication Terminus-Binding Protein ZapT in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Caulobacter crescentus</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Z-Ring-Associated Proteins Regulate Clustering of the Replication Terminus-Binding Protein ZapT in Caulobacter crescentus

    Rapidly growing bacteria experience dynamic changes in chromosome architecture during chromosome replication and segregation, reflecting the importance of mechanisms that organize the chromosome globally and locally within a cell to maintain faithful transmission of genetic material across generations. During cell division in the model bacterium Caulobacter crescentus...

    Shogo Ozaki, Yasutaka Wakasugi, Tsutomu Katayama
  • Open Access
    Trehalose Recycling Promotes Energy-Efficient Biosynthesis of the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Trehalose Recycling Promotes Energy-Efficient Biosynthesis of the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope

    The mycomembrane layer of the mycobacterial cell envelope is a barrier to environmental, immune, and antibiotic insults. There is considerable evidence of mycomembrane plasticity during infection and in response to host-mimicking stresses.

    Amol Arunrao Pohane, Caleb R. Carr, Jaishree Garhyan, Benjamin M. Swarts, M. Sloan Siegrist
  • Open Access
    Antibiotic-Selected Gene Amplification Heightens Metal Resistance
    Observation | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Antibiotic-Selected Gene Amplification Heightens Metal Resistance

    To inhibit bacterial transmission and infection, health care facilities use bactericidal metal coatings to prevent colonization of surfaces and implanted devices. In these environments, antibiotics are commonly used, but their effect on metal resistance is unclear.

    David A. Hufnagel, Jacob E. Choby, Samantha Hao, Anders F. Johnson, Eileen M. Burd, Charles Langelier, David S. Weiss
  • Open Access
    Signal Recognition Particle Suppressor Screening Reveals the Regulation of Membrane Protein Targeting by the Translation Rate
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Signal Recognition Particle Suppressor Screening Reveals the Regulation of Membrane Protein Targeting by the Translation Rate

    Inner membrane proteins (IMPs) are cotranslationally inserted into the inner membrane or endoplasmic reticulum by the signal recognition particle (SRP). Generally, the deletion of SRP can result in protein targeting defects in Escherichia coli.

    Liuqun Zhao, Yanyan Cui, Gang Fu, Zixiang Xu, Xiaoping Liao, Dawei Zhang

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