Host-Microbe Biology
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyBiogeography of the Relationship between the Child Gut Microbiome and Innate Immune SystemBoth the gut microbiome and innate immunity are known to differ across biogeographically diverse human populations. The gut microbiome has been shown to directly influence systemic immunity in animal models.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyAtypical Ebola Virus Disease in a Nonhuman Primate following Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Is Associated with Glycoprotein Mutations within the Fusion Loop...Ebola virus remains a global threat to public health and biosecurity, yet we still know relatively little about its pathogenesis and the complications that arise following recovery. With nearly 20,000 survivors from the 2013–2016 West African outbreak, as well as over 1,000 survivors of the recent outbreak in the DRC, we must consider the consequences of virus persistence and recrudescent disease, even if they are rare.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyStep-Specific Adaptation and Trade-Off over the Course of an Infection by GASP Mutation Small Colony VariantsWithin-host evolution has been described in many bacterial diseases, and the genetic basis behind the adaptations has stimulated a lot of interest. Yet, the studied adaptations are generally focused on antibiotic resistance and rarely on the adaptation to the environment given by the host, and the potential trade-offs hindering adaptations to each step of the infection are rarely considered.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyDirect Intracellular Visualization of Ebola Virus-Receptor Interaction by In Situ Proximity LigationEbola virus causes episodic but increasingly frequent outbreaks of severe disease in Middle Africa, as shown by the recently overcome second largest outbreak on record in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Despite considerable effort, FDA-approved antifiloviral therapeutics or targeted interventions are not available yet.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyHyaluronidase Impairs Neutrophil Function and Promotes Group B Streptococcus Invasion and Preterm Labor in Nonhuman PrimatesGroup B streptococci (GBS) are bacteria that commonly reside in the female lower genital tract as asymptomatic members of the microbiota. However, during pregnancy, GBS can infect tissues at the maternal-fetal interface, leading to preterm birth, stillbirth, or fetal injury.
Minireview | Host-Microbe BiologyMechanisms of Attenuation by Genetic Recoding of VirusesThe development of safe and effective vaccines against viruses is central to disease control. With advancements in DNA synthesis technology, the production of synthetic viral genomes has fueled many research efforts that aim to generate attenuated viruses by introducing synonymous mutations.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologySecretion, Maturation, and Activity of a Quorum Sensing Peptide (GSP) Inducing Bacteriocin Transcription in Streptococcus gallolyticusStreptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and endocarditis. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus utilizes quorum sensing (QS) to regulate the production of a bacteriocin (gallocin) and gain a selective...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyCharacterization of a Four-Component Regulatory System Controlling Bacteriocin Production in Streptococcus gallolyticusStreptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, formerly known as Streptococcus bovis biotype I, is an opportunistic pathogen causing septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly often associated with asymptomatic colonic neoplasia. Recent studies indicate that...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyCombined and Distinct Roles of Agr Proteins in Clostridioides difficile 630 Sporulation, Motility, and Toxin Production...C. difficile is a spore-forming, toxigenic, anaerobic bacterium that causes severe gastrointestinal illness. Understanding the ways in which C. difficile senses growth conditions to regulate toxin expression and sporulation is essential to advancing our understanding of this pathogen.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyMaintenance of Type IV Secretion Function During Helicobacter pylori Infection in MiceThe type IV secretion system (T4SS) is the major Helicobacter pylori virulence factor, though its function is lost during murine infection. Loss of function also occurs in gerbils and in humans, suggesting that it is biologically relevant, but the conditions under which T4SS regulation occurs are unknown.