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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    Biogeography of the Relationship between the Child Gut Microbiome and Innate Immune System
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Biogeography of the Relationship between the Child Gut Microbiome and Innate Immune System

    Both the gut microbiome and innate immunity are known to differ across biogeographically diverse human populations. The gut microbiome has been shown to directly influence systemic immunity in animal models.

    Nelly Amenyogbe, Pedro Dimitriu, Kinga K. Smolen, Eric M. Brown, Casey P. Shannon, Scott J. Tebbutt, Phillip J. Cooper, Arnaud Marchant, Tessa Goetghebuer, Monika Esser, Brett B. Finlay, Tobias R. Kollmann, William W. Mohn
  • Open Access
    Atypical Ebola Virus Disease in a Nonhuman Primate following Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Is Associated with Glycoprotein Mutations within the Fusion Loop
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Atypical Ebola Virus Disease in a Nonhuman Primate following Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Is Associated with Glycoprotein Mutations within the Fusion Loop

    Ebola virus remains a global threat to public health and biosecurity, yet we still know relatively little about its pathogenesis and the complications that arise following recovery. With nearly 20,000 survivors from the 2013–2016 West African outbreak, as well as over 1,000 survivors of the recent outbreak in the DRC, we must consider the consequences of virus persistence and recrudescent disease, even if they are rare.

    ...
    Logan Banadyga, Wenjun Zhu, Shweta Kailasan, Katie A. Howell, Krzysztof Franaszek, Shihua He, Vinayakumar Siragam, Keding Cheng, Feihu Yan, Estella Moffat, Wenguang Cao, Anders Leung, Carissa Embury-Hyatt, M. Javad Aman, Xiangguo Qiu
  • Open Access
    Step-Specific Adaptation and Trade-Off over the Course of an Infection by GASP Mutation Small Colony Variants
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Step-Specific Adaptation and Trade-Off over the Course of an Infection by GASP Mutation Small Colony Variants

    Within-host evolution has been described in many bacterial diseases, and the genetic basis behind the adaptations has stimulated a lot of interest. Yet, the studied adaptations are generally focused on antibiotic resistance and rarely on the adaptation to the environment given by the host, and the potential trade-offs hindering adaptations to each step of the infection are rarely considered.

    Christian Faucher, Vincent Mazana, Marion Kardacz, Nathalie Parthuisot, Jean-Baptiste Ferdy, David Duneau
  • Open Access
    Direct Intracellular Visualization of Ebola Virus-Receptor Interaction by <em>In Situ</em> Proximity Ligation
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Direct Intracellular Visualization of Ebola Virus-Receptor Interaction by In Situ Proximity Ligation

    Ebola virus causes episodic but increasingly frequent outbreaks of severe disease in Middle Africa, as shown by the recently overcome second largest outbreak on record in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Despite considerable effort, FDA-approved antifiloviral therapeutics or targeted interventions are not available yet.

    Eva Mittler, Tanwee Alkutkar, Rohit K. Jangra, Kartik Chandran
  • Open Access
    Hyaluronidase Impairs Neutrophil Function and Promotes Group B <em>Streptococcus</em> Invasion and Preterm Labor in Nonhuman Primates
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Hyaluronidase Impairs Neutrophil Function and Promotes Group B Streptococcus Invasion and Preterm Labor in Nonhuman Primates

    Group B streptococci (GBS) are bacteria that commonly reside in the female lower genital tract as asymptomatic members of the microbiota. However, during pregnancy, GBS can infect tissues at the maternal-fetal interface, leading to preterm birth, stillbirth, or fetal injury.

    Michelle Coleman, Blair Armistead, Austyn Orvis, Phoenicia Quach, Alyssa Brokaw, Claire Gendrin, Kavita Sharma, Jason Ogle, Sean Merillat, Matthew Dacanay, Tsung-Yen Wu, Jeff Munson, Audrey Baldessari, Jay Vornhagen, Anna Furuta, Shayla Nguyen, Kristina M. Adams Waldorf, Lakshmi Rajagopal
  • Open Access
    Mechanisms of Attenuation by Genetic Recoding of Viruses
    Minireview | Host-Microbe Biology
    Mechanisms of Attenuation by Genetic Recoding of Viruses

    The development of safe and effective vaccines against viruses is central to disease control. With advancements in DNA synthesis technology, the production of synthetic viral genomes has fueled many research efforts that aim to generate attenuated viruses by introducing synonymous mutations.

    Daniel Gonçalves-Carneiro, Paul D. Bieniasz
  • Open Access
    Secretion, Maturation, and Activity of a Quorum Sensing Peptide (GSP) Inducing Bacteriocin Transcription in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus gallolyticus</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Secretion, Maturation, and Activity of a Quorum Sensing Peptide (GSP) Inducing Bacteriocin Transcription in Streptococcus gallolyticus

    Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and endocarditis. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus utilizes quorum sensing (QS) to regulate the production of a bacteriocin (gallocin) and gain a selective...

    Anthony Harrington, Alexis Proutière, Ryan W. Mull, Laurence du Merle, Shaynoor Dramsi, Yftah Tal-Gan
  • Open Access
    Characterization of a Four-Component Regulatory System Controlling Bacteriocin Production in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus gallolyticus</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Characterization of a Four-Component Regulatory System Controlling Bacteriocin Production in Streptococcus gallolyticus

    Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, formerly known as Streptococcus bovis biotype I, is an opportunistic pathogen causing septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly often associated with asymptomatic colonic neoplasia. Recent studies indicate that...

    Alexis Proutière, Laurence du Merle, Bruno Périchon, Hugo Varet, Myriam Gominet, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, Shaynoor Dramsi
  • Open Access
    Combined and Distinct Roles of Agr Proteins in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> 630 Sporulation, Motility, and Toxin Production
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Combined and Distinct Roles of Agr Proteins in Clostridioides difficile 630 Sporulation, Motility, and Toxin Production

    C. difficile is a spore-forming, toxigenic, anaerobic bacterium that causes severe gastrointestinal illness. Understanding the ways in which C. difficile senses growth conditions to regulate toxin expression and sporulation is essential to advancing our understanding of this pathogen.

    ...
    Ummey Khalecha Bintha Ahmed, Tyler M. Shadid, Jason L. Larabee, Jimmy D. Ballard
  • Open Access
    Maintenance of Type IV Secretion Function During <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Helicobacter pylori</span> Infection in Mice
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Maintenance of Type IV Secretion Function During Helicobacter pylori Infection in Mice

    The type IV secretion system (T4SS) is the major Helicobacter pylori virulence factor, though its function is lost during murine infection. Loss of function also occurs in gerbils and in humans, suggesting that it is biologically relevant, but the conditions under which T4SS regulation occurs are unknown.

    Emma C. Skoog, Miriam E. Martin, Roberto M. Barrozo, Lori M. Hansen, Lucy P. Cai, Seung-Joo Lee, Joseph M. Benoun, Stephen J. McSorley, Jay V. Solnick

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