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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    The Canonical Long-Chain Fatty Acid Sensing Machinery Processes Arachidonic Acid To Inhibit Virulence in Enterohemorrhagic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Canonical Long-Chain Fatty Acid Sensing Machinery Processes Arachidonic Acid To Inhibit Virulence in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

    Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in host immunity. Manipulation of lipid content in host tissues through diet or pharmacological interventions is associated with altered severity of various inflammatory diseases.

    Melissa Ellermann, Angel G. Jimenez, Reed Pifer, Nestor Ruiz, Vanessa Sperandio
  • Open Access
    SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Variation in Space and Time in Hospitalized Patients in Philadelphia
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Variation in Space and Time in Hospitalized Patients in Philadelphia

    Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 spreads globally and within infected individuals is critical to the development of mitigation strategies. We found that most lineages in Philadelphia had resembled sequences from New York, suggesting infection primarily but not exclusively from this location.

    John Everett, Pascha Hokama, Aoife M. Roche, Shantan Reddy, Young Hwang, Lyanna Kessler, Abigail Glascock, Yize Li, Jillian N. Whelan, Susan R. Weiss, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Kevin McCormick, Samantha A. Whiteside, Jevon Graham-Wooten, Layla A. Khatib, Ayannah S. Fitzgerald, Ronald G. Collman, Frederic Bushman
  • Open Access
    Engineering a Reliable and Convenient SARS-CoV-2 Replicon System for Analysis of Viral RNA Synthesis and Screening of Antiviral Inhibitors
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Engineering a Reliable and Convenient SARS-CoV-2 Replicon System for Analysis of Viral RNA Synthesis and Screening of Antiviral Inhibitors

    COVID-19 has caused a severe global pandemic. Until now, there has been no simple and reliable system available in a lower-biosafety-grade laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 virologic research and inhibitor screening.

    Yuewen Luo, Fei Yu, Mo Zhou, Yang Liu, Baijin Xia, Xiantao Zhang, Jun Liu, Junsong Zhang, Yingying Du, Rong Li, Liyang Wu, Xu Zhang, Ting Pan, Deyin Guo, Tao Peng, Hui Zhang
  • Open Access
    SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity Is Linked to Superior Humoral Immunity against the Spike
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity Is Linked to Superior Humoral Immunity against the Spike

    With the ongoing pandemic, it is critical to understand how natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 develops. We have identified that subjects with more severe COVID-19 disease mount a more robust and neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

    Jenna J. Guthmiller, Olivia Stovicek, Jiaolong Wang, Siriruk Changrob, Lei Li, Peter Halfmann, Nai-Ying Zheng, Henry Utset, Christopher T. Stamper, Haley L. Dugan, William D. Miller, Min Huang, Ya-Nan Dai, Christopher A. Nelson, Paige D. Hall, Maud Jansen, Kumaran Shanmugarajah, Jessica S. Donington, Florian Krammer, Daved H. Fremont, Andrzej Joachimiak, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Vera Tesic, Maria Lucia Madariaga, Patrick C. Wilson
  • Open Access
    Same Game, Different Players: Emerging Pathogens of the CF Lung
    Minireview | Host-Microbe Biology
    Same Game, Different Players: Emerging Pathogens of the CF Lung

    Incidences of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) and Aspergillus fumigatus have increased around the world over the past decade and have become a significant health threat to immunocompromised individuals such as those with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is characterized by the buildup of mucus in the lungs which become chronically infected by a myriad of pathogens.

    ...
    Alexa D. Gannon, Sophie E. Darch
  • Open Access
    Mechanistic Analysis of the Broad Antiretroviral Resistance Conferred by HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Mutations
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Mechanistic Analysis of the Broad Antiretroviral Resistance Conferred by HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Mutations

    Although combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is highly effective in controlling the progression of HIV disease, drug resistance can be a major obstacle. Recent findings suggest that resistance can develop without ARV target gene mutations.

    Yuta Hikichi, Rachel Van Duyne, Phuong Pham, Jennifer L. Groebner, Ann Wiegand, John W. Mellors, Mary F. Kearney, Eric O. Freed
  • Open Access
    Preserve a Voucher Specimen! The Critical Need for Integrating Natural History Collections in Infectious Disease Studies
    Minireview | Host-Microbe Biology
    Preserve a Voucher Specimen! The Critical Need for Integrating Natural History Collections in Infectious Disease Studies

    Despite being nearly 10 months into the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, the definitive animal host for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causal agent of COVID-19, remains unknown. Unfortunately, similar problems exist for other betacoronaviruses, and no vouchered specimens exist to corroborate host species identification for most of these pathogens.

    Cody W. Thompson, Kendra L. Phelps, Marc W. Allard, Joseph A. Cook, Jonathan L. Dunnum, Adam W. Ferguson, Magnus Gelang, Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan, Deborah L. Paul, DeeAnn M. Reeder, Nancy B. Simmons, Maarten P. M. Vanhove, Paul W. Webala, Marcelo Weksler, C. William Kilpatrick
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Typhimurium Exploits Cycling through Epithelial Cells To Colonize Human and Murine Enteroids
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Exploits Cycling through Epithelial Cells To Colonize Human and Murine Enteroids

    Pathogenic gut bacteria are common causes of intestinal disease. Enteroids—cultured three-dimensional replicas of the mammalian gut—offer an emerging model system to study disease mechanisms under conditions that recapitulate key features of the intestinal tract.

    Petra Geiser, Maria Letizia Di Martino, Pilar Samperio Ventayol, Jens Eriksson, Eduardo Sima, Anas Kh. Al-Saffar, David Ahl, Mia Phillipson, Dominic-Luc Webb, Magnus Sundbom, Per M. Hellström, Mikael E. Sellin
  • Open Access
    Experimental Human Challenge Defines Distinct Pneumococcal Kinetic Profiles and Mucosal Responses between Colonized and Non-Colonized Adults
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Experimental Human Challenge Defines Distinct Pneumococcal Kinetic Profiles and Mucosal Responses between Colonized and Non-Colonized Adults

    Occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections requires prior colonization of the upper respiratory tract with a pathogen. Most bacterial infection and colonization studies have been performed in murine and in vitro models due to the current invasive sampling methodology of the upper respiratory tract, both of which poorly reflect the complexity of host-pathogen interactions in the human nose.

    Elissavet Nikolaou, Simon P. Jochems, Elena Mitsi, Sherin Pojar, Annie Blizard, Jesus Reiné, Carla Solórzano, Edessa Negera, Beatriz Carniel, Alessandra Soares-Schanoski, Victoria Connor, Hugh Adler, Seher R. Zaidi, Caz Hales, Helen Hill, Angie Hyder-Wright, Stephen B. Gordon, Jamie Rylance, Daniela M. Ferreira
  • Open Access
    Intracellular Density of <em>Wolbachia</em> Is Mediated by Host Autophagy and the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Gene <em>cifB</em> in a Cell Type-Dependent Manner in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Drosophila melanogaster</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Intracellular Density of Wolbachia Is Mediated by Host Autophagy and the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Gene cifB in a Cell Type-Dependent Manner in Drosophila melanogaster

    Autophagy is a eukaryotic intracellular degradation pathway which can act as an innate immune response to eliminate pathogens. Conversely, pathogens can evolve proteins which modulate the autophagy pathway to subvert degradation and establish an infection. Wolbachia, a vertically transmitted obligate endosymbiont which infects up to 40% of insect species, is negatively regulated by autophagy in whole animals, but the specific...

    Mark Deehan, Weiwei Lin, Benjamin Blum, Andrew Emili, Horacio Frydman

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