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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    <em>In Vivo</em> Transcriptome of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Lactobacillus acidophilus</span> and Colonization Impact on Murine Host Intestinal Gene Expression
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    In Vivo Transcriptome of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Colonization Impact on Murine Host Intestinal Gene Expression

    To date, our basis for comprehending the probiotic mechanisms of Lactobacillus acidophilus, one of the most widely consumed probiotic microbes, was largely limited to in vitro functional genomic studies. Using a germfree murine colonization model, in vivo-based transcriptional studies provided the first view of how...

    Yong Jun Goh, Rodolphe Barrangou, Todd R. Klaenhammer
  • Open Access
    Sphingomyelin Biosynthesis Is Essential for Phagocytic Signaling during <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Host Cell Entry
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Sphingomyelin Biosynthesis Is Essential for Phagocytic Signaling during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Host Cell Entry

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) invades alveolar macrophages through phagocytosis to establish infection and cause disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying Mtb entry are still poorly understood.

    Patrick Niekamp, Gaelen Guzman, Hans C. Leier, Ali Rashidfarrokhi, Veronica Richina, Fabian Pott, Caroline Barisch, Joost C. M. Holthuis, Fikadu G. Tafesse
  • Open Access
    5-Aminosalicylic Acid Ameliorates Colitis and Checks Dysbiotic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Expansion by Activating PPAR-γ Signaling in the Intestinal Epithelium
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    5-Aminosalicylic Acid Ameliorates Colitis and Checks Dysbiotic Escherichia coli Expansion by Activating PPAR-γ Signaling in the Intestinal Epithelium

    An expansion of Enterobacterales in the fecal microbiota is a microbial signature of dysbiosis that is linked to many noncommunicable diseases, including ulcerative colitis. Here, we used Escherichia coli, a representative of the Enterobacterales, to show that its dysbiotic expansion during colitis can be remediated by modulating host epithelial...

    Stephanie A. Cevallos, Jee-Yon Lee, Eric M. Velazquez, Nora J. Foegeding, Catherine D. Shelton, Connor R. Tiffany, Beau H. Parry, Annica R. Stull-Lane, Erin E. Olsan, Hannah P. Savage, Henry Nguyen, Star S. Ghanaat, Austin J. Byndloss, Ilechukwu O. Agu, Renée M. Tsolis, Mariana X. Byndloss, Andreas J. Bäumler
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Chlamydia trachomatis</span> TmeA Directly Activates N-WASP To Promote Actin Polymerization and Functions Synergistically with TarP during Invasion
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Chlamydia trachomatis TmeA Directly Activates N-WASP To Promote Actin Polymerization and Functions Synergistically with TarP during Invasion

    The increasing genetic tractability of Chlamydia trachomatis is accelerating the ability to characterize the unique infection biology of this obligate intracellular parasite. These efforts are leading to a greater understanding of the molecular events associated with key virulence requirements.

    Gabrielle Keb, Joshua Ferrell, Kaylyn R. Scanlon, Travis J. Jewett, Kenneth A. Fields
  • Open Access
    Sterilization by Adaptive Immunity of a Conditionally Persistent Mutant of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    Sterilization by Adaptive Immunity of a Conditionally Persistent Mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    The bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis can enter into a persistent state in which M. tuberculosis can evade host immunity, thereby reducing the effectiveness of current tuberculosis vaccines. Understanding the factors that contribute to persistence would enable the rational design of...

    Catherine Vilchèze, Steven A. Porcelli, John Chan, William R. Jacobs
  • Open Access
    CRNKL1 Is a Highly Selective Regulator of Intron-Retaining HIV-1 and Cellular mRNAs
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    CRNKL1 Is a Highly Selective Regulator of Intron-Retaining HIV-1 and Cellular mRNAs

    To regulate its complex splicing pattern, HIV-1 uses the adaptor protein Rev to shuttle unspliced or partially spliced mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the absence of Rev, these RNAs are retained in the nucleus, but it is unclear why.

    Han Xiao, Emanuel Wyler, Miha Milek, Bastian Grewe, Philipp Kirchner, Arif Ekici, Ana Beatriz Oliveira Villela Silva, Doris Jungnickl, Florian Full, Marco Thomas, Markus Landthaler, Armin Ensser, Klaus Überla
  • Open Access
    Exploring the Impact of Ketodeoxynonulosonic Acid in Host-Pathogen Interactions Using Uptake and Surface Display by Nontypeable <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Haemophilus influenzae</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Exploring the Impact of Ketodeoxynonulosonic Acid in Host-Pathogen Interactions Using Uptake and Surface Display by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

    All cells in vertebrates are coated with a dense array of glycans often capped with sugars called sialic acids. Sialic acids have many functions, including serving as a signal for recognition of “self” cells by the immune system, thereby guiding an appropriate immune response against foreign “nonself” and/or damaged cells.

    Sudeshna Saha, Alison Coady, Aniruddha Sasmal, Kunio Kawanishi, Biswa Choudhury, Hai Yu, Ricardo U. Sorensen, Jaime Inostroza, Ian C. Schoenhofen, Xi Chen, Anja Münster-Kühnel, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima, Sanjay Ram, Victor Nizet, Ajit Varki
  • Open Access
    The Canonical Long-Chain Fatty Acid Sensing Machinery Processes Arachidonic Acid To Inhibit Virulence in Enterohemorrhagic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Canonical Long-Chain Fatty Acid Sensing Machinery Processes Arachidonic Acid To Inhibit Virulence in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

    Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in host immunity. Manipulation of lipid content in host tissues through diet or pharmacological interventions is associated with altered severity of various inflammatory diseases.

    Melissa Ellermann, Angel G. Jimenez, Reed Pifer, Nestor Ruiz, Vanessa Sperandio
  • Open Access
    SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Variation in Space and Time in Hospitalized Patients in Philadelphia
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Variation in Space and Time in Hospitalized Patients in Philadelphia

    Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 spreads globally and within infected individuals is critical to the development of mitigation strategies. We found that most lineages in Philadelphia had resembled sequences from New York, suggesting infection primarily but not exclusively from this location.

    John Everett, Pascha Hokama, Aoife M. Roche, Shantan Reddy, Young Hwang, Lyanna Kessler, Abigail Glascock, Yize Li, Jillian N. Whelan, Susan R. Weiss, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Kevin McCormick, Samantha A. Whiteside, Jevon Graham-Wooten, Layla A. Khatib, Ayannah S. Fitzgerald, Ronald G. Collman, Frederic Bushman
  • Open Access
    Engineering a Reliable and Convenient SARS-CoV-2 Replicon System for Analysis of Viral RNA Synthesis and Screening of Antiviral Inhibitors
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Engineering a Reliable and Convenient SARS-CoV-2 Replicon System for Analysis of Viral RNA Synthesis and Screening of Antiviral Inhibitors

    COVID-19 has caused a severe global pandemic. Until now, there has been no simple and reliable system available in a lower-biosafety-grade laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 virologic research and inhibitor screening.

    Yuewen Luo, Fei Yu, Mo Zhou, Yang Liu, Baijin Xia, Xiantao Zhang, Jun Liu, Junsong Zhang, Yingying Du, Rong Li, Liyang Wu, Xu Zhang, Ting Pan, Deyin Guo, Tao Peng, Hui Zhang

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