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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    Intracellular Density of <em>Wolbachia</em> Is Mediated by Host Autophagy and the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Gene <em>cifB</em> in a Cell Type-Dependent Manner in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Drosophila melanogaster</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Intracellular Density of Wolbachia Is Mediated by Host Autophagy and the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Gene cifB in a Cell Type-Dependent Manner in Drosophila melanogaster

    Autophagy is a eukaryotic intracellular degradation pathway which can act as an innate immune response to eliminate pathogens. Conversely, pathogens can evolve proteins which modulate the autophagy pathway to subvert degradation and establish an infection. Wolbachia, a vertically transmitted obligate endosymbiont which infects up to 40% of insect species, is negatively regulated by autophagy in whole animals, but the specific...

    Mark Deehan, Weiwei Lin, Benjamin Blum, Andrew Emili, Horacio Frydman
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Typhimurium Exploits Cycling through Epithelial Cells To Colonize Human and Murine Enteroids
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Exploits Cycling through Epithelial Cells To Colonize Human and Murine Enteroids

    Pathogenic gut bacteria are common causes of intestinal disease. Enteroids—cultured three-dimensional replicas of the mammalian gut—offer an emerging model system to study disease mechanisms under conditions that recapitulate key features of the intestinal tract.

    Petra Geiser, Maria Letizia Di Martino, Pilar Samperio Ventayol, Jens Eriksson, Eduardo Sima, Anas Kh. Al-Saffar, David Ahl, Mia Phillipson, Dominic-Luc Webb, Magnus Sundbom, Per M. Hellström, Mikael E. Sellin
  • Open Access
    Characterization of a Four-Component Regulatory System Controlling Bacteriocin Production in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus gallolyticus</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Characterization of a Four-Component Regulatory System Controlling Bacteriocin Production in Streptococcus gallolyticus

    Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, formerly known as Streptococcus bovis biotype I, is an opportunistic pathogen causing septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly often associated with asymptomatic colonic neoplasia. Recent studies indicate that...

    Alexis Proutière, Laurence du Merle, Bruno Périchon, Hugo Varet, Myriam Gominet, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, Shaynoor Dramsi
  • Open Access
    Mechanisms of Attenuation by Genetic Recoding of Viruses
    Minireview | Host-Microbe Biology
    Mechanisms of Attenuation by Genetic Recoding of Viruses

    The development of safe and effective vaccines against viruses is central to disease control. With advancements in DNA synthesis technology, the production of synthetic viral genomes has fueled many research efforts that aim to generate attenuated viruses by introducing synonymous mutations.

    Daniel Gonçalves-Carneiro, Paul D. Bieniasz
  • Open Access
    Secretion, Maturation, and Activity of a Quorum Sensing Peptide (GSP) Inducing Bacteriocin Transcription in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus gallolyticus</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Secretion, Maturation, and Activity of a Quorum Sensing Peptide (GSP) Inducing Bacteriocin Transcription in Streptococcus gallolyticus

    Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and endocarditis. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus utilizes quorum sensing (QS) to regulate the production of a bacteriocin (gallocin) and gain a selective...

    Anthony Harrington, Alexis Proutière, Ryan W. Mull, Laurence du Merle, Shaynoor Dramsi, Yftah Tal-Gan
  • Open Access
    Hyaluronidase Impairs Neutrophil Function and Promotes Group B <em>Streptococcus</em> Invasion and Preterm Labor in Nonhuman Primates
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Hyaluronidase Impairs Neutrophil Function and Promotes Group B Streptococcus Invasion and Preterm Labor in Nonhuman Primates

    Group B streptococci (GBS) are bacteria that commonly reside in the female lower genital tract as asymptomatic members of the microbiota. However, during pregnancy, GBS can infect tissues at the maternal-fetal interface, leading to preterm birth, stillbirth, or fetal injury.

    Michelle Coleman, Blair Armistead, Austyn Orvis, Phoenicia Quach, Alyssa Brokaw, Claire Gendrin, Kavita Sharma, Jason Ogle, Sean Merillat, Matthew Dacanay, Tsung-Yen Wu, Jeff Munson, Audrey Baldessari, Jay Vornhagen, Anna Furuta, Shayla Nguyen, Kristina M. Adams Waldorf, Lakshmi Rajagopal
  • Open Access
    Maintenance of Type IV Secretion Function During <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Helicobacter pylori</span> Infection in Mice
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Maintenance of Type IV Secretion Function During Helicobacter pylori Infection in Mice

    The type IV secretion system (T4SS) is the major Helicobacter pylori virulence factor, though its function is lost during murine infection. Loss of function also occurs in gerbils and in humans, suggesting that it is biologically relevant, but the conditions under which T4SS regulation occurs are unknown.

    Emma C. Skoog, Miriam E. Martin, Roberto M. Barrozo, Lori M. Hansen, Lucy P. Cai, Seung-Joo Lee, Joseph M. Benoun, Stephen J. McSorley, Jay V. Solnick
  • Open Access
    Combined and Distinct Roles of Agr Proteins in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> 630 Sporulation, Motility, and Toxin Production
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Combined and Distinct Roles of Agr Proteins in Clostridioides difficile 630 Sporulation, Motility, and Toxin Production

    C. difficile is a spore-forming, toxigenic, anaerobic bacterium that causes severe gastrointestinal illness. Understanding the ways in which C. difficile senses growth conditions to regulate toxin expression and sporulation is essential to advancing our understanding of this pathogen.

    ...
    Ummey Khalecha Bintha Ahmed, Tyler M. Shadid, Jason L. Larabee, Jimmy D. Ballard
  • Open Access
    Diverse Bacterial Genes Modulate Plant Root Association by Beneficial Bacteria
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Diverse Bacterial Genes Modulate Plant Root Association by Beneficial Bacteria

    There is growing interest in the use of associative, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as biofertilizers to serve as a sustainable alternative for agriculture application. While a variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain bacterial plant growth promotion, the molecular details of this process remain unclear.

    Fernanda Plucani do Amaral, Thalita Regina Tuleski, Vania Carla Silva Pankievicz, Ryan A. Melnyk, Adam P. Arkin, Joel Griffitts, Michelle Zibetti Tadra-Sfeir, Emanuel Maltempi de Souza, Adam Deutschbauer, Rose Adele Monteiro, Gary Stacey
  • Open Access
    Alteration of the Premature tRNA Landscape by Gammaherpesvirus Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Alteration of the Premature tRNA Landscape by Gammaherpesvirus Infection

    Viral infection can dramatically change the gene expression landscape of the host cell, yet little is known regarding changes in noncoding gene transcription by RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII). Among these are transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are fundamental in protein translation, yet whose gene regulatory features remain largely undefined in mammalian cells.

    Jessica M. Tucker, Aaron M. Schaller, Ian Willis, Britt A. Glaunsinger

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