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Applied and Environmental Science

  • Open Access
    Evaluation of Acquired Antibiotic Resistance in <em>Escherichia coli</em> Exposed to Long-Term Low-Shear Modeled Microgravity and Background Antibiotic Exposure
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Evaluation of Acquired Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Exposed to Long-Term Low-Shear Modeled Microgravity and Background Antibiotic Exposure

    Stress factors experienced during space include microgravity, sleep deprivation, radiation, isolation, and microbial contamination, all of which can promote immune suppression (1, 2). Under these conditions, the risk of infection from opportunistic pathogens increases significantly, particularly during long-term missions (...

    Madhan R. Tirumalai, Fathi Karouia, Quyen Tran, Victor G. Stepanov, Rebekah J. Bruce, C. Mark Ott, Duane L. Pierson, George E. Fox
  • Open Access
    Genome-Guided Identification of Organohalide-Respiring <em>Deltaproteobacteria</em> from the Marine Environment
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Genome-Guided Identification of Organohalide-Respiring Deltaproteobacteria from the Marine Environment

    The marine environment is a major reservoir for both anthropogenic and natural organohalides, and reductive dehalogenation is thought to be an important process in the overall cycling of these compounds. Here we demonstrate that the capacity of organohalide respiration appears to be widely distributed in members of marine Deltaproteobacteria. The identification of reductive dehalogenase genes in diverse Deltaproteobacteria...

    Jie Liu, Max M. Häggblom
  • Open Access
    Metatranscriptomes Reveal That All Three Domains of Life Are Active but Are Dominated by Bacteria in the Fennoscandian Crystalline Granitic Continental Deep Biosphere
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Metatranscriptomes Reveal That All Three Domains of Life Are Active but Are Dominated by Bacteria in the Fennoscandian Crystalline Granitic Continental Deep Biosphere

    A newly designed sampling apparatus was used to fix RNA under in situ conditions in the deep continental biosphere and benchmarks a strategy for deep biosphere metatranscriptomic sequencing. This apparatus enabled the identification of active community members and the processes they carry out in this extremely oligotrophic environment. This work presents for the first time evidence of eukaryotic, archaeal, and bacterial...

    Margarita Lopez-Fernandez, Domenico Simone, Xiaofen Wu, Lucile Soler, Emelie Nilsson, Karin Holmfeldt, Henrik Lantz, Stefan Bertilsson, Mark Dopson
  • Open Access
    Silver and Copper Acute Effects on Membrane Proteins and Impact on Photosynthetic and Respiratory Complexes in Bacteria
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Silver and Copper Acute Effects on Membrane Proteins and Impact on Photosynthetic and Respiratory Complexes in Bacteria

    The use of metal ions represents a serious threat to the environment and to all living organisms because of the acute toxicity of these ions. Nowadays, silver nanoparticles are one of the most widely used nanoparticles in various industrial and health applications. The antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles is in part related to the released Ag+ ions and their ability to interact with bacterial membranes. Here, we identify,...

    Reem Tambosi, Sylviane Liotenberg, Marie-Line Bourbon, Anne-Soisig Steunou, Marion Babot, Anne Durand, Nouari Kebaili, Soufian Ouchane
  • Open Access
    Identifying and Predicting Novelty in Microbiome Studies
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Identifying and Predicting Novelty in Microbiome Studies

    We introduce two concepts to quantify the novelty of a microbiome. The first, the microbiome novelty score (MNS), allows identification of microbiomes that are especially different from what is already sequenced. The second, the microbiome attention score (MAS), allows identification of microbiomes that have many close neighbors, implying that considerable scientific attention is devoted to their study. By computing a microbiome focus...

    Xiaoquan Su, Gongchao Jing, Daniel McDonald, Honglei Wang, Zengbin Wang, Antonio Gonzalez, Zheng Sun, Shi Huang, Jose Navas, Rob Knight, Jian Xu
  • Open Access
    Members of the Genus <em>Methylobacter</em> Are Inferred To Account for the Majority of Aerobic Methane Oxidation in Oxic Soils from a Freshwater Wetland
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Members of the Genus Methylobacter Are Inferred To Account for the Majority of Aerobic Methane Oxidation in Oxic Soils from a Freshwater Wetland

    Here we used soil metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to uncover novel members within the genus Methylobacter. We denote these closely related genomes as members of the lineage OWC Methylobacter. Despite the incredibly high microbial diversity in soils, here we present findings that unexpectedly showed that methane cycling was primarily mediated by a single genus for both methane production (“Candidatus...

    Garrett J. Smith, Jordan C. Angle, Lindsey M. Solden, Mikayla A. Borton, Timothy H. Morin, Rebecca A. Daly, Michael D. Johnston, Kay C. Stefanik, Richard Wolfe, Bohrer Gil, Kelly C. Wrighton
  • Open Access
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Engineering Kluyveromyces marxianus as a Robust Synthetic Biology Platform Host

    The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus grows at high temperatures and on a wide range of carbon sources, making it a promising host for industrial biotechnology to produce renewable chemicals from plant biomass feedstocks. However, major genetic engineering limitations have kept this yeast from replacing the commonly used yeast...

    Paul Cernak, Raissa Estrela, Snigdha Poddar, Jeffrey M. Skerker, Ya-Fang Cheng, Annika K. Carlson, Berling Chen, Victoria M. Glynn, Monique Furlan, Owen W. Ryan, Marie K. Donnelly, Adam P. Arkin, John W. Taylor, Jamie H. D. Cate

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