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Most read article(s)

  • Open Access
    Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients

    COVID-19 has presented various paradoxes that, if understood better, may provide clues to controlling the pandemic, even before a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available. First, young children are largely spared from severe disease. Second, numerous countries have COVID-19 death rates that are as low as 1% of the death rates of other countries. Third, many people, despite prolonged close contact with someone who is COVID-19 positive, never...

    Jeffrey E. Gold, William H. Baumgartl, Ramazan A. Okyay, Warren E. Licht, Paul L. Fidel, Mairi C. Noverr, Larry P. Tilley, David J. Hurley, Balázs Rada, John W. Ashford
  • Open Access
    Environmental Isolation of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span> from the Coastal Wetlands of Andaman Islands, India
    Observation
    Environmental Isolation of Candida auris from the Coastal Wetlands of Andaman Islands, India

    Candida auris is a recently emerged multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen capable of causing severe infections in hospitalized patients. Despite its recognition as a human pathogen a decade ago, so far the natural ecological niche(s) of C. auris remains enigmatic.

    Parth Arora, Prerna Singh, Yue Wang, Anamika Yadav, Kalpana Pawar, Ashutosh Singh, Gadi Padmavati, Jianping Xu, Anuradha Chowdhary
  • Open Access
    Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, Antibodies, and Neutralizing Capacity in Milk Produced by Women with COVID-19
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, Antibodies, and Neutralizing Capacity in Milk Produced by Women with COVID-19

    Results from prior studies assaying human milk for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, have suggested milk may act as a potential vehicle for mother-to-child transmission. Most previous studies are limited because they followed only a few participants, were cross-sectional, and/or failed to report how milk was collected and/or analyzed.

    Ryan M. Pace, Janet E. Williams, Kirsi M. Järvinen, Mandy B. Belfort, Christina D. W. Pace, Kimberly A. Lackey, Alexandra C. Gogel, Phuong Nguyen-Contant, Preshetha Kanagaiah, Theresa Fitzgerald, Rita Ferri, Bridget Young, Casey Rosen-Carole, Nichole Diaz, Courtney L. Meehan, Beatrice Caffé, Mark Y. Sangster, David Topham, Mark A. McGuire, Antti Seppo, Michelle K. McGuire
  • Open Access
    The Unrecognized Threat of Secondary Bacterial Infections with COVID-19
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Unrecognized Threat of Secondary Bacterial Infections with COVID-19

    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the greatest pandemic of our generation, with 16 million people affected and 650,000 deaths worldwide so far. One of the risk factors associated with COVID-19 is secondary bacterial pneumonia. In recent studies on COVID-19 patients, secondary bacterial infections were significantly associated with worse outcomes and death despite antimicrobial therapies. In the past, the intensive use of...

    Mylene Vaillancourt, Peter Jorth
  • Open Access
    MMR Vaccine and COVID-19: Measles Protein Homology May Contribute to Cross-Reactivity or to Complement Activation Protection
    Letter to the Editor
    MMR Vaccine and COVID-19: Measles Protein Homology May Contribute to Cross-Reactivity or to Complement Activation Protection
    Ekaterina Marakasova, Ancha Baranova
  • Open Access
    Do an Altered Gut Microbiota and an Associated Leaky Gut Affect COVID-19 Severity?
    Perspective | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Do an Altered Gut Microbiota and an Associated Leaky Gut Affect COVID-19 Severity?

    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been declared a pandemic, has exhibited a wide range of severity worldwide. Although this global variation is largely affected by socio-medical situations in each country, there is also high individual-level variation attributable to elderliness and certain underlying medical conditions, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity.

    Heenam Stanley Kim
  • Open Access
    Introduction of Two Prolines and Removal of the Polybasic Cleavage Site Lead to Higher Efficacy of a Recombinant Spike-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in the Mouse Model
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Introduction of Two Prolines and Removal of the Polybasic Cleavage Site Lead to Higher Efficacy of a Recombinant Spike-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in the Mouse Model

    A vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. A better understanding of antigen design and attributes that vaccine candidates need to have to induce protective immunity is of high importance. The data presented here validate the choice of antigens that contain the PP mutations and suggest that deletion of the polybasic cleavage site may lead to a further-optimized design.

    Fatima Amanat, Shirin Strohmeier, Raveen Rathnasinghe, Michael Schotsaert, Lynda Coughlan, Adolfo García-Sastre, Florian Krammer
  • Open Access
    Development of Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Nanoparticles as a Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets
    Research Article
    Development of Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Nanoparticles as a Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets

    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of the CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, enters host cells via the interaction of its receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, the RBD is a promising vaccine target to induce protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

    Young-Il Kim, Dokyun Kim, Kwang-Min Yu, Hogyu David Seo, Shin-Ae Lee, Mark Anthony B. Casel, Seung-Gyu Jang, Stephanie Kim, WooRam Jung, Chih-Jen Lai, Young Ki Choi, Jae U. Jung
  • Open Access
    Genome Sequencing of Sewage Detects Regionally Prevalent SARS-CoV-2 Variants
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Genome Sequencing of Sewage Detects Regionally Prevalent SARS-CoV-2 Variants

    Viral genome sequencing has guided our understanding of the spread and extent of genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes are usually sequenced from nasopharyngeal swabs of individual patients to track viral spread.

    Alexander Crits-Christoph, Rose S. Kantor, Matthew R. Olm, Oscar N. Whitney, Basem Al-Shayeb, Yue Clare Lou, Avi Flamholz, Lauren C. Kennedy, Hannah Greenwald, Adrian Hinkle, Jonathan Hetzel, Sara Spitzer, Jeffery Koble, Asako Tan, Fred Hyde, Gary Schroth, Scott Kuersten, Jillian F. Banfield, Kara L. Nelson
  • Open Access
    <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> Secretes Outer Membrane Vesicles and Promotes Intestinal Inflammation
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Fusobacterium nucleatum Secretes Outer Membrane Vesicles and Promotes Intestinal Inflammation

    Several studies have identified an increased abundance of Fusobacterium in the intestinal tracts of patients with colon cancer, liver cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, HIV infection, and alcoholism. However, the direct mechanism(s) of action of Fusobacterium on pathophysiological within the gastrointestinal tract is unclear.

    Melinda A. Engevik, Heather A. Danhof, Wenly Ruan, Amy C. Engevik, Alexandra L. Chang-Graham, Kristen A. Engevik, Zhongcheng Shi, Yanling Zhao, Colleen K. Brand, Evan S. Krystofiak, Susan Venable, Xinli Liu, Kendal D. Hirschi, Joseph M. Hyser, Jennifer K. Spinler, Robert A. Britton, James Versalovic

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