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  • Universally Accessible N95 Decontamination
    Universally Accessible N95 Decontamination
  • A SARS-CoV-2 Deletion Variant
    A SARS-CoV-2 Deletion Variant
  • Nissle as a Probiotic
    Nissle as a Probiotic
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See all articles

Latest Articles

  • Real-Time Imaging of Polioviral RNA Translocation across a Membrane
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Real-Time Imaging of Polioviral RNA Translocation across a Membrane

    The initial transfer of genomic material from a virus into a host cell is a key step in any viral infection. Consequently, understanding how viruses deliver their genomes into cells could reveal attractive therapeutic targets.

    Krishanthi S. Karunatilaka, David J. Filman, Mike Strauss, Joseph J. Loparo, James M. Hogle
    23 Feb 2021
  • Cryoelectron Microscopy Structures of AdeB Illuminate Mechanisms of Simultaneous Binding and Exporting of Substrates
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Cryoelectron Microscopy Structures of AdeB Illuminate Mechanisms of Simultaneous Binding and Exporting of Substrates

    Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most highly antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. The prevalent AdeB multidrug efflux pump mediates resistance to a broad spectrum of clinically relevant antimicrobial agents.

    Christopher E. Morgan, Przemyslaw Glaza, Inga V. Leus, Anhthu Trinh, Chih-Chia Su, Meng Cui, Helen I. Zgurskaya, Edward W. Yu
    23 Feb 2021
  • Subcellular Architecture of the <em>xyl</em> Gene Expression Flow of the TOL Catabolic Plasmid of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas putida</span> mt-2
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Subcellular Architecture of the xyl Gene Expression Flow of the TOL Catabolic Plasmid of Pseudomonas putida mt-2

    The transfer of information between DNA, RNA, and proteins in a bacterium is often compared to the decoding of a piece of software in a computer. However, the tridimensional layout and the relational logic of the cognate biological hardware, i.e., the nucleoid, the RNA polymerase, and the ribosomes, are habitually taken for granted.

    Juhyun Kim, Angel Goñi-Moreno, Víctor de Lorenzo
    23 Feb 2021
  • Discovery of Bacterial Fimbria–Glycan Interactions Using Whole-Cell Recombinant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Expression
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Discovery of Bacterial Fimbria–Glycan Interactions Using Whole-Cell Recombinant Escherichia coli Expression

    Understanding the tropism of pathogens for host and tissue requires a complete understanding of the host receptors targeted by fimbrial adhesins. Furthermore, blocking adhesion is a promising strategy to counter increasing antibiotic resistance and is enabled by the identification of host receptors.

    Christopher J. Day, Alvin W. Lo, Lauren E. Hartley-Tassell, M. Pilar Argente, Jessica Poole, Nathan P. King, Joe Tiralongo, Michael P. Jennings, Mark A. Schembri
    23 Feb 2021
  • Toward a Comprehensive Analysis of Posttranscriptional Regulatory Networks: a New Tool for the Identification of Small RNA Regulators of Specific mRNAs
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Toward a Comprehensive Analysis of Posttranscriptional Regulatory Networks: a New Tool for the Identification of Small RNA Regulators of Specific mRNAs

    With the recognition of the importance of posttranscriptional regulation mediated by bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs), their contribution to global gene expression regulatory networks needs to be addressed in a truly comprehensive manner. While a single sRNA targets multiple RNAs, an mRNA can be regulated by multiple sRNAs that can be either transcribed individually or derived by processing of mRNAs.

    Kook Han, Stephen Lory
    23 Feb 2021
  • Prime-Pull Immunization with a Bivalent M-Protein and Spy-CEP Peptide Vaccine Adjuvanted with CAF®01 Liposomes Induces Both Mucosal and Peripheral Protection from <em>covR/S</em> Mutant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pyogenes</span>
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Prime-Pull Immunization with a Bivalent M-Protein and Spy-CEP Peptide Vaccine Adjuvanted with CAF®01 Liposomes Induces Both Mucosal and Peripheral Protection from covR/S Mutant Streptococcus pyogenes

    A vaccine to control S. pyogenes infection is desperately warranted. S. pyogenes colonizes the upper respiratory tract (URT) and skin, from where it can progress to invasive and immune-mediated diseases.

    Victoria Ozberk, Simone Reynolds, Yongbao Huo, Ainslie Calcutt, Sharareh Eskandari, Jessica Dooley, Jamie-Lee Mills, Ida S. Rasmussen, Jes Dietrich, Manisha Pandey, Michael F. Good
    23 Feb 2021
  • Parameters Affecting Continuous <em>In Vitro</em> Culture of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Treponema pallidum</span> Strains
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Parameters Affecting Continuous In Vitro Culture of Treponema pallidum Strains

    Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. Until recently, this pathogen could only be maintained through infection of rabbits or other animals, making study of this important human pathogen challenging and costly. T. pallidum subsp. pallidum has now...

    Diane G. Edmondson, Bridget D. DeLay, Lindsay E. Kowis, Steven J. Norris
    23 Feb 2021
  • Enterococcal Physiology and Antimicrobial Resistance: The Streetlight Just Got a Little Brighter
    Commentary | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Enterococcal Physiology and Antimicrobial Resistance: The Streetlight Just Got a Little Brighter

    Enterococcus faecalis differs from many other common human pathogens in its physiology and in its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Multiresistant E. faecalis strains owe their phenotypes to a combination of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants.

    Louis B. Rice
    23 Feb 2021
  • Phospholipid Metabolism Is Associated with Time to HIV Rebound upon Treatment Interruption
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    Phospholipid Metabolism Is Associated with Time to HIV Rebound upon Treatment Interruption

    The likelihood of HIV rebound after stopping antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a combination of the size of HIV reservoirs that persist despite ART and the host immunological and inflammatory factors that control these reservoirs. Therefore, there is a need to comprehensively understand these host factors to develop a strategy to cure HIV infection and prevent viral rebound post-ART.

    Leila B. Giron, Emmanouil Papasavvas, Xiangfan Yin, Aaron R. Goldman, Hsin-Yao Tang, Clovis S. Palmer, Alan L. Landay, Jonathan Z. Li, John R. Koethe, Karam Mounzer, Jay R. Kostman, Qin Liu, Luis J. Montaner, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
    23 Feb 2021
  • Molecular Basis of the Versatile Regulatory Mechanism of HtrA-Type Protease AlgW from <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Molecular Basis of the Versatile Regulatory Mechanism of HtrA-Type Protease AlgW from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    HtrA-family proteases are commonly employed to sense the protein folding stress and activate the regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) cascade in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we reveal the unique dual-signal activation and dynamic regulation properties of AlgW, an HtrA-type protease triggering the AlgU stress-response pathway, which controls alginate production and mucoid conversion in...

    Tao Li, Yingjie Song, Liming Luo, Ninglin Zhao, Lihui He, Mei Kang, Changcheng Li, Yibo Zhu, Yalin Shen, Chang Zhao, Jing Yang, Qin Huang, Xingyu Mou, Zhiyong Zong, Jinliang Yang, Hong Tang, Yongxing He, Rui Bao
    23 Feb 2021
  • Unraveling the Impact of Secreted Proteases on Hypervirulence in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Unraveling the Impact of Secreted Proteases on Hypervirulence in Staphylococcus aureus

    A key feature of the pathogenic success of S. aureus is the myriad virulence factors encoded within its genome. These are subject to multifactorial control, ensuring their timely production only within an intended infectious niche.

    Brittney D. Gimza, Jessica K. Jackson, Andrew M. Frey, Bridget G. Budny, Dale Chaput, Devon N. Rizzo, Lindsey N. Shaw
    23 Feb 2021
  • Evaluation of Microbe-Driven Soil Organic Matter Quantity and Quality by Thermodynamic Theory
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Evaluation of Microbe-Driven Soil Organic Matter Quantity and Quality by Thermodynamic Theory

    Microbial communities are known to be important drivers of organic matter (OM) accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems. However, despite the importance of these soil microbes and processes, the mechanisms behind these microbial-SOM associations remain poorly understood.

    Jianwei Zhang, Youzhi Feng, Meng Wu, Ruirui Chen, Zhongpei Li, Xiangui Lin, Yongguan Zhu, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
    23 Feb 2021
  • Convergent Adaptation to Quantitative Host Resistance in a Major Plant Pathogen
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Convergent Adaptation to Quantitative Host Resistance in a Major Plant Pathogen

    Understanding the genetic basis of pathogen adaptation to quantitative resistance in plants has a key role to play in establishing durable strategies for resistance deployment. In this context, a population genomic approach was developed for a major plant pathogen (the fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis causing black leaf streak disease of banana) whereby samples from new resistant banana hybrids were compared with samples from...

    Jean Carlier, François Bonnot, Véronique Roussel, Sébastien Ravel, Reina Teresa Martinez, Luis Perez-Vicente, Catherine Abadie, Stephen Wright
    23 Feb 2021
  • Fitness Cost Evolution of Natural Plasmids of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span>
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Fitness Cost Evolution of Natural Plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus

    Plasmids are major agents in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. How plasmids and their hosts coevolve to reduce the fitness cost associated with plasmid carriage when bacteria grow in an antibiotic-free environment is not well understood.

    Pedro Dorado-Morales, M. Pilar Garcillán-Barcia, Iñigo Lasa, Cristina Solano
    23 Feb 2021
  • A Bacterial Toxin Perturbs Intracellular Amino Acid Balance To Induce Persistence
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    A Bacterial Toxin Perturbs Intracellular Amino Acid Balance To Induce Persistence

    To overcome various environmental challenges, bacterial cells can enter a physiologically quiescent state, known as dormancy or persistence, which balances growth and viability. In this study, we report a new mechanism by which a toxin-antitoxin system responds to harsh environmental conditions or nutrient deprivation by orchestrating a dormant state while preserving viability.

    Xiaofeng Zhou, Michael R. Eckart, Lucy Shapiro
    23 Feb 2021
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